在工做中,咱們常常須要重啓PHP-FPM,那麼這個重啓過程都發生了那些事情呢?讓咱們從PHP源碼中一探究竟吧。php
運行環境: Mac 10.14.2 + PHP 7.3.7segmentfault
信號在fpm的重啓中扮演着重要的角色。那什麼是信號呢?bash
信號是由用戶、系統或者進程發送給目標進程的信息,以通知目標進程某個狀態的改變或系統異常。Linux信號可由以下條件產生:異步
- 對於前臺進程,用戶能夠經過輸入特殊的終端字符來給它發送信號。
- 系統異常。好比浮點異常和非法內存段訪問。
- 系統狀態變化。好比 alarm 定時器到期將引發 SIGALARM 信號。
- 運行 kill 命令或調用 kill 函數
在PHP-FPM中,用戶經過kill
命令來重啓fpm,master進程也是經過kill()
函數向worker進程發送信號來結束進程。fpm的重啓分爲優雅重啓(kill -SIGUSR2
)和強制重啓(kill -SIGTERM
)兩種,下面是以優雅重啓爲例,master進程將收到SIGUSR2
信號。socket
master進程信號初始化函數fpm_signals_init_main()
主要作了兩件事情:ide
經過socketpair()
來建立這一對雙全工的unix_socket,其中sp[0]
的可讀事件在fpm_event_loop()
中被註冊到事件隊列中,其回調函數爲fpm_got_signal()
,這樣往sp[1]
寫入數據時將觸發sp[0]
的可讀事件回調。對這倆unix_socket還有兩個操做:函數
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, old_flags|O_NONBLOCK)
,這樣當fd不可讀或不可寫的時候,read()
、write()
不會阻塞,而是直接返回-1,errno設爲EAGAIN。fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)
,這樣當進程調用exec()
族函數前會關閉該fd。這麼作是爲了防止文件描述符的泄露,由於調用exec()
族函數會用新程序替換掉當前進程執行的程序,進程的正文、數據、堆和棧段都會被替換,這就致使原先保存文件描述符的變量不存在了,也就沒法關閉「老進程「的fd,致使文件描述符泄露。註冊的信號有SIGTERM
、SIGINT
、SIGUSR1
、SIGUSR2
、SIGCHLD
、SIGQUIT
六種。php-fpm
int fpm_signals_init_main() /* {{{ */ {
struct sigaction act;
if (0 > socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sp)) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "failed to init signals: socketpair()");
return -1;
}
if (0 > fd_set_blocked(sp[0], 0) || 0 > fd_set_blocked(sp[1], 0)) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "failed to init signals: fd_set_blocked()");
return -1;
}
if (0 > fcntl(sp[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) || 0 > fcntl(sp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "falied to init signals: fcntl(F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)");
return -1;
}
memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
act.sa_handler = sig_handler;
sigfillset(&act.sa_mask);
if (0 > sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGINT, &act, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGUSR2, &act, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGQUIT, &act, 0)) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "failed to init signals: sigaction()");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
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worker進程信號初始化函數fpm_signals_init_child()
主要作了三件事情:oop
這對unix_socket繼承自master進程,worker進程用不到它們。ui
sig_soft_quit()
,sa_flags
變量設爲SA_RESTART
表示信號處理函數返回後從新調用被中斷的系統調用,這樣worker進程正在處理中的事情不會受到影響。SIG_DFL
,即採用默認行爲。調用zend_signal_init()
,這個不展開講了。
int fpm_signals_init_child() /* {{{ */ {
struct sigaction act, act_dfl;
memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
memset(&act_dfl, 0, sizeof(act_dfl));
act.sa_handler = &sig_soft_quit;
act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
act_dfl.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
close(sp[0]);
close(sp[1]);
if (0 > sigaction(SIGTERM, &act_dfl, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGINT, &act_dfl, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act_dfl, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGUSR2, &act_dfl, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act_dfl, 0) ||
0 > sigaction(SIGQUIT, &act, 0)) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "failed to init child signals: sigaction()");
return -1;
}
zend_signal_init();
return 0;
}
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master進程收到SIGUSR2
信號後將回調sig_handler()
進行信號處理。咱們能夠看到SIGUSR2
被映射爲2
,並寫入到 sp[1]
。
static void sig_handler(int signo) /* {{{ */ {
static const char sig_chars[NSIG + 1] = {
[SIGTERM] = 'T',
[SIGINT] = 'I',
[SIGUSR1] = '1',
[SIGUSR2] = '2',
[SIGQUIT] = 'Q',
[SIGCHLD] = 'C'
};
char s;
int saved_errno;
if (fpm_globals.parent_pid != getpid()) {
/* prevent a signal race condition when child process have not set up it's own signal handler yet */
return;
}
saved_errno = errno;
s = sig_chars[signo];
zend_quiet_write(sp[1], &s, sizeof(s)); //實際調用write()
errno = saved_errno;
}
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當往sp[1]
寫入數據後,sp[0]
變爲可讀,觸發事件回調fpm_got_signal()
。從sp[0]
讀取到寫入的數據 2
,以後調用fpm_pctl()
來進行重啓操做。
static void fpm_got_signal(struct fpm_event_s *ev, short which, void *arg) /* {{{ */ {
char c;
int res, ret;
int fd = ev->fd;
do {
do {
res = read(fd, &c, 1);
} while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (res <= 0) {
if (res < 0 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "unable to read from the signal pipe");
}
return;
}
switch (c) {
case 'C' : /* SIGCHLD */
zlog(ZLOG_DEBUG, "received SIGCHLD");
fpm_children_bury();
break;
......
case '2' : /* SIGUSR2 */
zlog(ZLOG_DEBUG, "received SIGUSR2");
zlog(ZLOG_NOTICE, "Reloading in progress ...");
fpm_pctl(FPM_PCTL_STATE_RELOADING, FPM_PCTL_ACTION_SET);
break;
}
if (fpm_globals.is_child) {
break;
}
} while (1);
return;
}
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由下面的fpm_pctl()
代碼可知,對於FPM_PCTL_ACTION_SET
操做只有當fpm狀態fpm_state
爲正常時(FPM_PCTL_STATE_NORMAL
),重啓操做才能進行下去。
以後將重置已發送信號(fpm_signal_sent=0
),並設置fpm當前狀態爲FPM_PCTL_STATE_RELOADING
,而後調用fpm_pctl_action_next()
進行下一步操做。
void fpm_pctl(int new_state, int action) /* {{{ */ {
switch (action) {
case FPM_PCTL_ACTION_SET :
if (fpm_state == new_state) { /* already in progress - just ignore duplicate signal */
return;
}
switch (fpm_state) { /* check which states can be overridden */
case FPM_PCTL_STATE_NORMAL :
/* 'normal' can be overridden by any other state */
break;
case FPM_PCTL_STATE_RELOADING :
/* 'reloading' can be overridden by 'finishing' */
if (new_state == FPM_PCTL_STATE_FINISHING) break;
case FPM_PCTL_STATE_FINISHING :
/* 'reloading' and 'finishing' can be overridden by 'terminating' */
if (new_state == FPM_PCTL_STATE_TERMINATING) break;
case FPM_PCTL_STATE_TERMINATING :
/* nothing can override 'terminating' state */
zlog(ZLOG_DEBUG, "not switching to '%s' state, because already in '%s' state",
fpm_state_names[new_state], fpm_state_names[fpm_state]);
return;
}
fpm_signal_sent = 0;
fpm_state = new_state;
zlog(ZLOG_DEBUG, "switching to '%s' state", fpm_state_names[fpm_state]);
/* fall down */
case FPM_PCTL_ACTION_TIMEOUT :
fpm_pctl_action_next();
break;
case FPM_PCTL_ACTION_LAST_CHILD_EXITED :
fpm_pctl_action_last();
break;
}
}
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此階段能夠當作是三個升級信號的發送過程:
SIGQUIT
信號,worker進程收到後會進行優雅關閉,並設置一個超時時爲process_control_timeout
的定時器事件,關於process_control_timeout
能夠看我另一篇文章【PHP】配置文件中的超時時間解析,定時器超時後最終將調用fpm_pctl(FPM_PCTL_STATE_UNSPECIFIED, FPM_PCTL_ACTION_TIMEOUT);
,從action名稱能夠看出是要進行超時的操做。fpm_pctl()
源碼可知,action FPM_PCTL_ACTION_TIMEOUT
仍然調用fpm_pctl_action_next()
,只不過此次SIGQUIT
信號會升級爲SIGTERM
發送給worker進程,定時器超時時間變爲1s。SIGTERM
會升級爲終極信號SIGKILL
。SIGKILL
信號相比SIGTERM
是不可被捕獲或者忽略的,它將強行終止worker進程。static void fpm_pctl_action_next() /* {{{ */ {
int sig, timeout;
if (!fpm_globals.running_children) {
fpm_pctl_action_last();
}
if (fpm_signal_sent == 0) {
if (fpm_state == FPM_PCTL_STATE_TERMINATING) {
sig = SIGTERM;
} else {
sig = SIGQUIT;
}
timeout = fpm_global_config.process_control_timeout;
} else {
if (fpm_signal_sent == SIGQUIT) {
sig = SIGTERM;
} else {
sig = SIGKILL;
}
timeout = 1;
}
// 實際調用kill()
fpm_pctl_kill_all(sig);
fpm_signal_sent = sig;
fpm_pctl_timeout_set(timeout);
}
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worker進程主要處理master發送過來的三個信號,即SIGQUIT
、SIGTERM
、SIGKILL
。
SIGQUIT
信號的回調事件是sig_soft_quit()
。它首先會關閉listening_socket
,而且將in_shutdown
置爲1,這樣accept()
系統調用將當即返回-1,worker進程再也不接收請求,開始結束進程的操做。static void sig_soft_quit(int signo) /* {{{ */ {
int saved_errno = errno;
/* closing fastcgi listening socket will force fcgi_accept() exit immediately */
close(fpm_globals.listening_socket);
if (0 > socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) {
zlog(ZLOG_WARNING, "failed to create a new socket");
}
// 設置in_shutdown=1
fpm_php_soft_quit();
errno = saved_errno;
}
int fcgi_accept_request(fcgi_request *req) {
while (1) {
if (req->fd < 0) {
while (1) {
if (in_shutdown) {
return -1;
}
......
req->fd = accept(listen_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, &len);
......
}
} else {
fcgi_close(req, 1, 1);
}
}
}
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SIGTERM
信號採用SIG_DFL
默認處理方式,即終止進程,能夠被阻塞、捕獲、忽略。SIGKILL
信號不能被捕獲或者忽略,將強行終止worker進程。worker進程的狀態發生變化時,被終止或者暫停,內核會向master進程發送一個異步通知,即SIGCHLD
信號,由信號處理函數fpm_got_signal()
可知將執行fpm_children_bury()
。
下面將fpm_children_bury()
的代碼拆解到對應部分下。
在這裏先介紹下waitpid()
是幹嗎的:
當子進程結束的時候,內核會爲終止子進程保存必定量的信息,這些信息至少包括進程ID、該進程的的終止狀態、以及該進程使用的CPU時間總量。
一個已經終止、可是其父進程還沒有對其進行善後處理(獲取終止子進程的有關信息,釋放它仍佔用的資源)的進程會成爲殭屍進程。殭屍進程的進程號會被一直佔用着,可是系統所能使用的進程號是有限的,因此若是有大量的殭屍進程產生,將由於沒有可用的進程號而致使系統不能產生新的進程。
wait()
或waitpid()
就可讓父進程獲取到這些信息,並被內核釋放掉。
// 最外層循環
while ( (pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED)) > 0) {
......
}
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master進程經過waitpid()
獲取到終止的worker進程的pid
和終止狀態status
後,將對status
進行一些判斷
WTERMSIG(status)
來獲取時子進程終止的信號編號。request_slowlog_timeout
後,master進程的心跳檢測模塊會給worker進程發送SIGSTOP
信號,worker進程被暫停,狀態發生變化,內核向master進程發送SIGCHLD
信號,以後就會執行到這裏。最後將調用fpm_php_trace()
函數來打印致使請求slow的堆棧信息。if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "with code %d", WEXITSTATUS(status));
/* if it's been killed because of dynamic process management * don't restart it automaticaly */
if (child && child->idle_kill) {
restart_child = 0;
}
// 調用fpm_php_trace()
if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != FPM_EXIT_OK) {
severity = ZLOG_WARNING;
}
} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
const char *signame = fpm_signal_names[WTERMSIG(status)];
const char *have_core = WCOREDUMP(status) ? " - core dumped" : "";
if (signame == NULL) {
signame = "";
}
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "on signal %d (%s%s)", WTERMSIG(status), signame, have_core);
/* if it's been killed because of dynamic process management * don't restart it automaticaly */
if (child && child->idle_kill && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGQUIT) {
restart_child = 0;
}
if (WTERMSIG(status) != SIGQUIT) { /* possible request loss */
severity = ZLOG_WARNING;
}
} else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
zlog(ZLOG_NOTICE, "child %d stopped for tracing", (int) pid);
if (child && child->tracer) {
child->tracer(child);
}
continue;
}
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child = fpm_child_find(pid);
if (child) {
struct fpm_worker_pool_s *wp = child->wp;
struct timeval tv1, tv2;
// 資源釋放
fpm_child_unlink(child);
fpm_scoreboard_proc_free(wp->scoreboard, child->scoreboard_i);
fpm_clock_get(&tv1);
timersub(&tv1, &child->started, &tv2);
......
// 關閉標準輸出、標準錯誤
fpm_child_close(child, 1 /* in event_loop */);
// 在後文中詳解
fpm_pctl_child_exited();
......
} else {
zlog(ZLOG_ALERT, "oops, unknown child (%d) exited %s. Please open a bug report (https://bugs.php.net).", pid, buf);
}
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從fpm_pctl_child_exited()
源碼可知,若是這是最後一個worker進程的終止,將調用fpm_pctl(FPM_PCTL_STATE_UNSPECIFIED, FPM_PCTL_ACTION_LAST_CHILD_EXITED);
。
int fpm_pctl_child_exited() /* {{{ */ {
if (fpm_state == FPM_PCTL_STATE_NORMAL) {
return 0;
}
if (!fpm_globals.running_children) {
fpm_pctl(FPM_PCTL_STATE_UNSPECIFIED, FPM_PCTL_ACTION_LAST_CHILD_EXITED);
}
return 0;
}
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繼續追蹤源碼會發現,在重啓操做中最後會調用fpm_pctl_exec()
。
execvp()
函數將從新執行php-fpm
程序,當前進程的正文、數據、堆和棧段都將被替換掉。
static void fpm_pctl_exec() /* {{{ */ {
fpm_cleanups_run(FPM_CLEANUP_PARENT_EXEC);
execvp(saved_argv[0], saved_argv);
// 正常狀況不會走到這裏
zlog(ZLOG_SYSERROR, "failed to reload: execvp() failed");
exit(FPM_EXIT_SOFTWARE);
}
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至此,PHP-FPM就完成了重啓。
PHP打印了不少Debug日誌,你們能夠在php-fpm.conf中將log_level
選項設置爲debug
來開啓。下面是debug日誌的例子,能夠對照着理解下上文內容。
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.248439] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_got_signal(), line 110: received SIGUSR2
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.248711] NOTICE: pid 36507, fpm_got_signal(), line 111: Reloading in progress ...
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.248909] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_pctl(), line 229: switching to 'reloading' state
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.249112] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_pctl_kill_all(), line 157: [pool www] sending signal 3 SIGQUIT to child 36508
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.249360] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_pctl_kill_all(), line 166: 1 child(ren) still alive
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.249624] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_event_loop(), line 417: event module triggered 1 events
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.256626] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_got_signal(), line 74: received SIGCHLD
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.256968] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_children_bury(), line 259: [pool www] child 36508 exited with code 0 after 16.412179 seconds from start
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.257411] NOTICE: pid 36507, fpm_pctl_exec(), line 96: reloading: execvp("/usr/local/Cellar/php/7.3.7/sbin/php-fpm", {"/usr/local/Cellar/php/7.3.7/sbin/php-fpm", "--fpm-config=/usr/local/etc/php/7.3.7/php-fpm.conf", "--pid=/usr/local/Cellar/php/7.3.7/var/run/php-fpm.pid"})
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.319184] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_unix_init_main(), line 518: The calling process is waiting for the master process to ping via fd=4
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.321064] DEBUG: pid 36699, fpm_scoreboard_init_main(), line 38: got clock tick '100'
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.321588] NOTICE: pid 36699, fpm_sockets_init_main(), line 417: using inherited socket fd=7, "127.0.0.1:9001"
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.321588] NOTICE: pid 36699, fpm_sockets_init_main(), line 417: using inherited socket fd=7, "127.0.0.1:9001"
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.321782] DEBUG: pid 36699, fpm_socket_af_inet_socket_by_addr(), line 290: Found address for 127.0.0.1, socket opened on 127.0.0.1
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.321969] DEBUG: pid 36699, fpm_event_init_main(), line 335: event module is kqueue and 1 fds have been reserved
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.322374] NOTICE: pid 36699, fpm_init(), line 83: fpm is running, pid 36699
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.322505] DEBUG: pid 36699, main(), line 1858: Sending "1" (OK) to parent via fd=5
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.322648] DEBUG: pid 36507, fpm_unix_init_main(), line 537: I received a valid acknowledge from the master process, I can exit without error
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.322977] DEBUG: pid 36699, fpm_children_make(), line 428: [pool www] child 36702 started
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.323302] DEBUG: pid 36699, fpm_event_loop(), line 364: 1296 bytes have been reserved in SHM
[16-Jul-2019 16:51:40.323498] NOTICE: pid 36699, fpm_event_loop(), line 365: ready to handle connections
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