>>> f="hi,%a is a %a" #%後面只能跟同一個值
>>> v=('mac','dog')
>>> f % v #最原始
"hi,'mac' is a 'dog'"

>>> from string import Template
>>> tmp=Template('hi, $who is a $what')#引用模塊
>>> tmp.substitute(who='mac',what='dog')
'hi, mac is a dog'

>>> "hi,{} is a {}".format('mac','dog')#使用默認順序
'hi,mac is a dog'
>>> "hi,{1} is a {0}".format('mac','dog')#索引
'hi,dog is a mac'
>>> "hi,{name} is a {what}".format(name='mac',what='dog')#制定名稱
'hi,mac is a dog'

>>> names=['aaa','bbbb']
>>> 'hi,{name[0]} is a dog'.format(name=names)#可傳序列
'hi,aaa is a dog'

>>> '{num:f}'.format(num=100)#指定轉換格式（值：格式）
'100.000000'

>>> 'name'.center(6) #指定（6）長度，使nameu居中
' name '


>>> 'name'.find('am')#返回第一個的索引，沒有返回-1
1
>>> 'name'.find('aaaa')
-1
>>> 'hi,name is a dog'.find('is',2,100)#find('搜索值'，開始索引，結束索引)
8

>>> '+'.join(['1','2','3'])# join
'1+2+3'


>>> 'AAA'.lower()#小寫
'aaa'

>>> 'name'.replace('am','aaaaa')#替換
'naaaaae'

>>> "nanenanenrnr".split('n')#分解
['', 'a', 'e', 'a', 'e', 'r', 'r']

>>> ' name '.strip()#去除先後空格
'name'
>>> ' ! **na!m*e !! ***'.strip('*!')#去除指定字符
' ! **na!m*e !! '

>>> dic={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}#建立字典 1
>>> dic['c']
3
>>> items=[('name','張三'),('age',42)]#建立字典 2
>>> d=dict(items)
>>> d
{'name': '張三', 'age': 42}
>>> d=dict(name='張三',age=31)#建立字典 3
>>> d
{'name': '張三', 'age': 31}

>>> book={'a':12,'b':111,'c':333}
>>> book
{'a': 12, 'b': 111, 'c': 333}
>>> 'a is {a}'.format(a='fdssf')
'a is fdssf'
>>> 'a is {a}'.format_map(book)#字符轉格式format_map
'a is 12'

>>> dict.fromkeys('name','age') #建立字典fromkeys
{'n': 'age', 'a': 'age', 'm': 'age', 'e': 'age'}
>>> dict.fromkeys(['name','age'])
{'name': None, 'age': None}
>>> dict.fromkeys(['name','age'],'unknow')#設置默認值
{'name': 'unknow', 'age': 'unknow'}
>>>

{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
>>> dic.get('b') #get獲取值，不報錯，沒有的話返回None。第二個參數可設置默認值
2


>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
>>> dic.pop() #必須有key參數
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#75>", line 1, in <module>
dic.pop()
TypeError: pop expected at least 1 arguments, got 0
>>> dic.popitem() #隨機彈出並刪除
('c', 3)
>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}


>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> dic.setdefault('c',1111)#獲取key爲c的值，若是沒有的c，就添加k=1 v=1111的元素，1111爲可選參數，不填默認爲None
1111
>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1111}
>>> dic.setdefault('c',222)#若是已經有k爲c的值了，222將無心義。
1111
>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1111}
>>>

 

>>> dic
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1111}
>>> dd=dict.fromkeys(['dd','ee'],2222)
>>> dd
{'dd': 2222, 'ee': 2222}
>>> dd['a']=1111
>>> dd
{'dd': 2222, 'ee': 2222, 'a': 1111}
>>> dic.update(dd)#對於經過參數提供的字典，將其項添加到當前字典中。若是當前字典包含鍵相同的項，就替換它。 
>>> dic
{'a': 1111, 'b': 2, 'c': 1111, 'dd': 2222, 'ee': 2222}
>>>