天天一個linux命令（54）：ping命令

Linux系統的ping命令是經常使用的網絡命令，它一般用來測試與目標主機的連通性，咱們常常會說「ping一下某機器，看是否是開着」、不能打開網頁時會說「你先ping網關地址192.168.1.1試試」。它經過發送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST數據包到網絡主機（send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts），並顯示響應狀況，這樣咱們就能夠根據它輸出的信息來肯定目標主機是否可訪問（但這不是絕對的）。有些服務器爲了防止經過ping探測到，經過防火牆設置了禁止ping或者在內核參數中禁止ping，這樣就不能經過ping肯定該主機是否還處於開啓狀態。

linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區別,linux下ping不會自動終止,須要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數-c指定要求完成的迴應次數。

1.命令格式：

ping [參數] [主機名或IP地址]

2.命令功能：

ping命令用於：肯定網絡和各外部主機的狀態；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題；測試、評估和管理網絡。若是主機正在運行並連在網上，它就對回送信號進行響應。每一個回送信號請求包含一個網際協議（IP）和 ICMP 頭，後面緊跟一個 tim 結構，以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節。缺省狀況是連續發送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號（Ctrl-C）。

ping 命令每秒發送一個數據報而且爲每一個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping 命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失狀況的統計信息，而且在完成以後顯示一個簡要總結。ping 命令在程序超時或當接收到 SIGINT 信號時結束。Host 參數或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網地址。

3.命令參數：

-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f  極限檢測。大量且快速地送網絡封包給一臺機器，看它的迴應。

-n 只輸出數值。

-q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最後的結果。

-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接將數據包送到遠端主機上。一般是查看本機的網絡接口是否有問題。

-R 記錄路由過程。

-v 詳細顯示指令的執行過程。

<p>-c 數目：在發送指定數目的包後中止。

-i 秒數：設定間隔幾秒送一個網絡封包給一臺機器，預設值是一秒送一次。

-I 網絡界面：使用指定的網絡界面送出數據包。

-l 前置載入：設置在送出要求信息以前，先行發出的數據包。

-p 範本樣式：設置填滿數據包的範本樣式。

-s 字節數：指定發送的數據字節數，預設值是56，加上8字節的ICMP頭，一共是64ICMP數據字節。

-t 存活數值：設置存活數值TTL的大小。

4.使用實例：

實例1：ping的通的狀況

命令：

ping 192.168.120.205

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205

PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms

--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms

[root@localhost ~]# 

複製代碼

說明：

 

實例2：ping不通的狀況

命令：

ping 192.168.120.202

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202

PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable

--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---

8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms

, pipe 4

[root@localhost ~]#

複製代碼

說明：

 

實例3：ping網關

命令：

ping -b 192.168.120.1

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# route

Kernel IP routing table

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface

192.168.120.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0

192.168.0.0     192.168.120.1   255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth0

10.0.0.0        192.168.120.1   255.0.0.0       UG    0      0        0 eth0

default         192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1

PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms

--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

複製代碼

說明：

 

實例4：ping指定次數

命令：

ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms

--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms

[root@localhost ~]# 

複製代碼

說明：

 

實例5：時間間隔和次數限制的ping

命令：

ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms

--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms

[root@localhost ~]# 

複製代碼

 

說明：

 

實例6：經過域名ping公網上的站點

命令：

ping -c 5 www.58.com

輸出：

複製代碼

peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com

PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms

--- www.58.com ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms

peida-VirtualBox ~ # 

複製代碼

說明：

 

實例7：多參數使用

命令：

ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

輸出：

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms

--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms

[root@localhost ~]# 

複製代碼

說明：

-i 3 發送週期爲 3秒 -s 設置發送包的大小爲1024 -t 設置TTL值爲 255