服務提供者已經在《Spring Cloud Finchley.SR1 的學習與應用 4 - 服務註冊》一文中作了明確說明,這裏不在贅述了。java
建立服務消費者根據使用 API 的不一樣,大體分爲三種方式。雖然你們在實際使用中用的應該都是 Feign,可是這裏仍是把這三種都介紹一下web
建立業務系統B,與業務系統A相似spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>modules-woqu</artifactId> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>businessb-woqu</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>client-businessb-woqu</module> <module>server-businessb-woqu</module> </modules> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
包含業務系統客戶端client-businessb-woqu和服務端server-businessb-woquapache
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>businessb-woqu</artifactId> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>client-businessb-woqu</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <artifactId>model-woqu</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <artifactId>core-woqu</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
下面咱們服務消費的客戶端,並向服務註冊中心註冊本身。 假設咱們有一個提供長方體表面積計算功能的微服務模塊,咱們實現一個RESTful API,經過傳入三個參數length、width、heigh,最後返回長方體表面積。json
建立client-businessa-woquapp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>businessb-woqu</artifactId> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>server-businessb-woqu</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId> <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <artifactId>client-businessa-woqu</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.orrin</groupId> <artifactId>client-businessb-woqu</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
配置文件負載均衡
spring: application: name: business-b-woqu cloud: consul: host: woqu.consul port: 8500 discovery: instance-id: ${spring.application.name} instance-group: ${spring.application.name} register: true server: port: 9002 feign: hystrix: enabled: true logging: level: root: info com.woqu: debug hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000 ribbon: ConnectTimeout: 10000 ReadTimeout: 60000
啓動類:maven
package com.woqu.business.b.server; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; /** * @author orrin */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.woqu") @ComponentScan(value = "com.woqu") public class BusinessBApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(BusinessBApp.class, args); } }
初始化RestTemplate,用來發起 REST 請求。函數
@Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
建立一個接口用來消費 producer(business-a-woqu) 提供的接口:spring-boot
@RestController public class ConsumeController { @Autowired private LoadBalancerClient client; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; private Integer multiply(int x, int y) { return x * y; } @GetMapping("/area/2") public Integer cuboidArea2(@RequestParam("length") int length, @RequestParam("width") int width, @RequestParam("heigh") int heigh) { LOGGER.info("length = {}, width = {}, heigh = {}"); return this.multiply(2, this.add2(this.add2(this.multiply(length, width), this.multiply(width, heigh)), this.multiply(length, heigh))); } /** * 使用 LoadBalancerClient 消費business-a-woqu中的方法 */ private Integer add2(int x, int y) { ServiceInstance instance = client.choose("business-a-woqu"); String url = "http://" + instance.getHost() + ":" + instance.getPort() + "/add?x=" + x + "&y=" + y; return restTemplate.getForObject(url, Integer.class); } }
能夠看到這裏,咱們注入了LoadBalancerClient和RestTemplate,並在hello方法中,先經過loadBalancerClient的choose方法來負載均衡的選出一個business-a-woqu的服務實例,這個服務實例的基本信息存儲在ServiceInstance中,而後經過這些對象中的信息拼接出訪問服務調用者的/add接口的詳細地址,最後再利用RestTemplate對象實現對服務提供者接口的調用。
驗證是否調用成功
GET http://127.0.0.1:9002/area/2?length=1&width=2&heigh=3 HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2018 06:29:45 GMT 22 Response code: 200; Time: 1576ms; Content length: 2 bytes
Ribbon是一個基於 HTTP 和 TCP 的客戶端負載均衡器。它能夠經過在客戶端中配置 ribbonServerList 來設置服務端列表去輪詢訪問以達到均衡負載的做用。
爲RestTemplate添加@LoadBalanced註解
@LoadBalanced @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
修改 controller,去掉LoadBalancerClient,並修改相應的方法,直接用 RestTemplate發起請求
@RestController public class ConsumeController { private Integer multiply(int x, int y) { return x * y; } /** * 使用 Ribbon 消費business-a-woqu中的方法 */ private Integer add3(int x, int y) { ServiceInstance instance = client.choose("business-a-woqu"); String url = "http://business-a-woqu/add?x=" + x + "&y=" + y; return restTemplate.getForObject(url, Integer.class); } @GetMapping("/area/3") public Integer cuboidArea3(@RequestParam("length") int length, @RequestParam("width") int width, @RequestParam("heigh") int heigh) { LOGGER.info("length = {}, width = {}, heigh = {}"); return this.multiply(2, this.add3(this.add3(this.multiply(length, width), this.multiply(width, heigh)), this.multiply(length, heigh))); } }
這裏直接用服務名eureka-producer取代了以前的具體的host:port。那麼這樣的請求爲何能夠調用成功呢?由於 Spring Cloud Ribbon 有一個攔截器,它可以在這裏進行實際調用的時候,自動的去選取服務實例,並將這裏的服務名替換成實際要請求的 IP 地址和端口,從而完成服務接口的調用。
驗證是否調用成功
GET http://192.168.2.102:9002/area/3?length=2&width=2&heigh=3 HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2018 06:47:17 GMT 32 Response code: 200; Time: 67ms; Content length: 2 bytes
在實際工做中,咱們基本上都是使用 Feign 來完成調用的。咱們經過一個例子來展示 Feign 如何方便的聲明對 business-a-woqu 服務的定義和調用。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency>
/** * @author orrin */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.woqu") @ComponentScan(value = "com.woqu") public class BusinessBApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(BusinessBApp.class, args); } }
/** * @author orrin on 2018/7/4 */ @FeignClient(serviceId = "business-a-woqu") public interface Addition { @GetMapping("/add") public Integer add(@RequestParam("x") int x, @RequestParam("y") int y); }
此類中的方法和遠程服務中 Contoller 中的方法名和參數需保持一致。
@RestController public class ConsumeController { @Autowired private Addition a; private Integer multiply(int x, int y) { return x * y; } @GetMapping("/area") public Integer cuboidArea(@RequestParam("length") int length, @RequestParam("width") int width, @RequestParam("heigh") int heigh) { LOGGER.info("length = {}, width = {}, heigh = {}"); return this.multiply(2, a.add(a.add(this.multiply(length, width), this.multiply(width, heigh)), this.multiply(length, heigh))); } }
經過 Spring Cloud Feign 來實現服務調用的方式很是簡單,經過@FeignClient定義的接口來統一的聲明咱們須要依賴的微服務接口。而在具體使用的時候就跟調用本地方法一點的進行調用便可。因爲 Feign 是基於 Ribbon 實現的,因此它自帶了客戶端負載均衡功能,也能夠經過 Ribbon 的 IRule 進行策略擴展。另外,Feign 還整合的 Hystrix 來實現服務的容錯保護,這個在後邊會詳細講。
驗證是否調用成功
GET http://192.168.2.102:9002/area?length=1&width=2&heigh=3 HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2018 06:57:52 GMT 22 Response code: 200; Time: 525ms; Content length: 2 bytes