Spring Cloud Finchley.SR1 的學習與應用 4 - 服務註冊

Spring Cloud Consul

簡介

Spring Cloud Consul項目是針對Consul的服務治理實現。Consul是一個分佈式高可用的系統,它包含多個組件,可是做爲一個總體,在微服務架構中爲咱們的基礎設施提供服務發現和服務配置的工具。它包含了下面幾個特性:java

  • 服務發現
  • 健康檢查
  • Key/Value存儲
  • 多數據中心

因爲Spring Cloud Consul項目的實現,咱們能夠輕鬆的將基於Spring Boot的微服務應用註冊到Consul上,並經過此實現微服務架構中的服務治理。web

之因此在本項目中選擇Consul而不是Eureka,是考慮到Eureka 2.0 開源工做宣告中止 Eureka 2.0 開源工做宣告中止構spring

服務註冊

前篇文章已經介紹了consul服務端的部署安裝,接下來介紹基於Spring Cloud Consul客戶端的使用apache

  • 建立modules-woqu,繼承parent-woqu,用於管理業務系統項目
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
    <artifactId>modules-woqu</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>businessa-woqu</module>
        <module>businessb-woqu</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
        <artifactId>parent-woqu</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    
</project>
  • 建立businessa-woqu業務系統A

包含業務系統客戶端client-businessa-woqu和服務端server-businessa-woqujson

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>modules-woqu</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>businessa-woqu</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>client-businessa-woqu</module>
        <module>server-businessa-woqu</module>
    </modules>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>
  • 業務系統A服務端

下面咱們建立提供服務的客戶端,並向服務註冊中心註冊本身。 假設咱們有一個提供計算功能的微服務模塊,咱們實現一個RESTful API,經過傳入兩個參數x和y,最後返回x + y的結果。架構

建立client-businessa-woquapp

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>businessa-woqu</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <artifactId>client-businessa-woqu</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
            <artifactId>model-woqu</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
            <artifactId>core-woqu</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

在業務系統A服務端,須要集成consul的服務發現,同時加入spring-boot-starter-web的功能dom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>businessa-woqu</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>server-businessa-woqu</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.orrin</groupId>
            <artifactId>client-businessa-woqu</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

編寫啓動類maven

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

/**
 * @author orrin on 2018/7/4
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@ComponentScan(value = "com.woqu")
public class BusinessAApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BusinessAApp.class, args);
    }
}

配置文件application.yml分佈式

spring:
  application:
    name: business-a-woqu
    
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: woqu.consul
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}
        instance-group: ${spring.application.name}
        register: true
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}

server:
  port: 9001

logging:
  level:
    root: info
    com.woqu: debug
  • 實現x + y
@RestController
@RefreshScope
public class AdditionController {

    @GetMapping("/add")
    public Integer add(@RequestParam("x") int x, @RequestParam("y") int y) {
        return x + y;
    }
}

啓動BusinessAApp.java類,能夠在consul頁面看到註冊結果。
consul註冊結果

調用rest接口

GET http://127.0.0.1:9001/add?x=1&y=2

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2018 07:50:04 GMT

3

Response code: 200; Time: 138ms; Content length: 1 bytes

consul中多實例註冊問題

問題解讀

該問題可能在開發階段不必定會發現,可是在線上部署多實例的時候,將會發現Consul中只有一個實例。
形成該問題的主要緣由是Spring Cloud Consul在註冊的時候實例名(InstanceId)採用了:「服務名-端口號」(即: {spring.application.name}-{server.port} )的值,能夠看到這個實例名若是不改變端口號的狀況下,實例名都是相同的。若是熟悉Spring Cloud Consul的讀者,可能會問老版本也是這個規則,怎麼沒有這個問題呢?。主要是因爲Consul對實例惟一性的判斷標準也有改變,在老版本的Consul中,對於實例名相同,可是服務地址不一樣,依然會認爲是不一樣的實例。在Consul 1.2.x中,服務實例名成爲了集羣中的惟一標識,因此,也就致使了上述問題。

解決方法

  • 經過配置屬性指定新的規則
    經過 spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instance-id 參數直接來配置實例命名規則。這裏比較粗暴的經過隨機數來一塊兒組織實例名。固然這樣的組織方式並很差,由於隨機數依然有衝突的可能,因此還能夠用更負責的規則來進行組織實例名。
spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instance-id=${spring.application.name}-${random.int[10000,99999]}
  • 經過擴展 ConsulServiceRegistry 來重設實例名

因爲經過配置屬性的方式對於定義實例名的能力有限,因此咱們但願能夠用更靈活的方式來定義。這時候咱們就能夠經過重寫 ConsulServiceRegistry 的 register 方法來修改。好比下面的實現:

public class CustomConsulServiceRegistry extends ConsulServiceRegistry {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsulServiceRegistry.class);

    public CustomConsulServiceRegistry(ConsulClient client, ConsulDiscoveryProperties properties, TtlScheduler ttlScheduler, HeartbeatProperties heartbeatProperties) {
        super(client, properties, ttlScheduler, heartbeatProperties);
    }

    @Override
    public void register(ConsulRegistration reg) {
        LOGGER.info("new service id = {}", reg.getService().getName() + "-" + reg.getService().getAddress() + "-" + reg.getService().getPort());
        reg.getService().setId(reg.getService().getName() + "-" + reg.getService().getAddress() + "-" + reg.getService().getPort());
        super.register(reg);
    }

}

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnConsulEnabled
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.cloud.service-registry.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@AutoConfigureBefore(ServiceRegistryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class CustomConsulServiceRegistryConfiguration {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsulServiceRegistryConfiguration.class);

    @Autowired(required = false)
    private TtlScheduler ttlScheduler;

    @Bean
    public ConsulServiceRegistry consulServiceRegistry(ConsulClient consulClient, ConsulDiscoveryProperties properties,
                                                        HeartbeatProperties heartbeatProperties) {
        return new CustomConsulServiceRegistry(consulClient, properties, ttlScheduler, heartbeatProperties);
    }

}
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