nginx rewrite配置使用

nginx rewrite 僞靜態配置參數和使用例子 附正則使用說明

正則表達式匹配,其中:php

  1. * ~ 爲區分大小寫匹配
  2. * ~* 爲不區分大小寫匹配
  3. * !~和!~*分別爲區分大小寫不匹配及不區分大小寫不匹配

文件及目錄匹配,其中:css

  1. * -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
  2. * -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
  3. * -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
  4. * -x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執行

flag標記有:html

  1. * last 至關於Apache裏的[L]標記,表示完成rewrite
  2. * break 終止匹配, 再也不匹配後面的規則
  3. * redirect 返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
  4. * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址

一些可用的全局變量有,能夠用作條件判斷(待補全)nginx

  1. $args
  2. $content_length
  3. $content_type
  4. $document_root
  5. $document_uri
  6. $host
  7. $http_user_agent
  8. $http_cookie
  9. $limit_rate
  10. $request_body_file
  11. $request_method
  12. $remote_addr
  13. $remote_port
  14. $remote_user
  15. $request_filename
  16. $request_uri
  17. $query_string
  18. $scheme
  19. $server_protocol
  20. $server_addr
  21. $server_name
  22. $server_port
  23. $uri

結合QeePHP的例子web

  1. if (!-d $request_filename) {
  2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
  3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
  4. break;

多目錄轉成參數
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2正則表達式

  1. if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
  2. set $sub_name $1;
  3. rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
  4. }

目錄對換
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456sql

  1. rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例以下面設定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下:瀏覽器

  1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
  2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
  3. }

目錄自動加「/」緩存

  1. if (-d $request_filename){
  2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
  3. }

禁止htaccesscookie

  1. location ~/\.ht {
  2. deny all;
  3. }

禁止多個目錄

  1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
  2. deny all;
  3. break;
  4. }

禁止以/data開頭的文件
能夠禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;

  1. location ~ ^/data {
  2. deny all;
  3. }

禁止單個目錄
不能禁止.log.txt能請求

  1. location /searchword/cron/ {
  2. deny all;
  3. }

禁止單個文件

  1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
  2. deny all;
  3. }

給favicon.ico和robots.txt設置過時時間;
這裏爲favicon.ico爲99天,robots.txt爲7天並不記錄404錯誤日誌

  1. location ~(favicon.ico) {
  2. log_not_found off;
  3. expires 99d;
  4. break;
  5. }
  6.  
  7. location ~(robots.txt) {
  8. log_not_found off;
  9. expires 7d;
  10. break;
  11. }

設定某個文件的過時時間;這裏爲600秒,並不記錄訪問日誌

  1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
  2. access_log off;
  3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
  4. expires 600;
  5. break;
  6. }

文件反盜鏈並設置過時時間
這裏的return 412 爲自定義的http狀態碼,默認爲403,方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求
「rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;」顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
「access_log off;」不記錄訪問日誌,減輕壓力
「expires 3d」全部文件3天的瀏覽器緩存

  1. location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
  2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
  3. if ($invalid_referer) {
  4. rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
  5. return 412;
  6. break;
  7. }
  8. access_log off;
  9. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
  10. expires 3d;
  11. break;
  12. }

只充許固定ip訪問網站,並加上密碼

  1. root /opt/htdocs/www;
  2. allow 208.97.167.194;
  3. allow 222.33.1.2;
  4. allow 231.152.49.4;
  5. deny all;
  6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
  7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

將多級目錄下的文件轉成一個文件,加強seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

  1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

將根目錄下某個文件夾指向2級目錄
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
若是你將last改爲permanent,那麼瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/

  1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配

  1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
  2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

這樣/shanghai 也能夠訪問了,但頁面中的相對連接沒法使用,
如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至沒法訪問。

那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需爲真實目錄,而個人rewrite不是的,因此沒有效果

  1. if (-d $request_filename){
  2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
  3. }

知道緣由後就好辦了,讓我手動跳轉吧

  1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
  2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向:

  1. if (!-e $request_filename) {
  2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  3. }

域名跳轉

  1. server
  2. {
  3. listen 80;
  4. server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
  5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
  6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
  7. rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
  8. access_log off;
  9. }

多域名轉向

  1. server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
  2. index index.html index.htm index.php;
  3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
  4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
  5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
  6. }

三級域名跳轉

  1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
  2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
  3. break;
  4. }

域名鏡向

  1. server
  2. {
  3. listen 80;
  4. server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
  5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
  6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
  7. rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
  8. access_log off;
  9. }

某個子目錄做鏡向

  1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
  2. rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
  3. break;
  4. }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

  1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
  2. rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
  3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

  1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
  2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
  3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
  4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
  5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
  6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名

  1. server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
  2.  
  3. location = / {
  4. if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
  5. rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
  6. break;
  7. }
  8. }

discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化

  1. location ^~ /ucenter {
  2. location ~ .*\.php?$
  3. {
  4. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  5. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  6. fastcgi_index index.php;
  7. include fcgi.conf;
  8. }
  9.  
  10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {
  11. log_not_found off;
  12. access_log off;
  13. location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
  14. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
  15. }
  16. location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
  17. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
  18. }
  19. location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
  20. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
  21. }
  22. expires 300;
  23. break;
  24. }
  25. }

jspace rewrite

  1. location ~ .*\.php?$
  2. {
  3. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  4. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  5. fastcgi_index index.php;
  6. include fcgi.conf;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. location ~* ^/index.php/
  10. {
  11. rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
  12. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  13. fastcgi_index index.php;
  14. include fcgi.conf;
  15. }
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