nginx rewrite配置解讀

序

本文主要解析一下ngx_http_rewrite_module中的rewrite相關配置。

directives

名稱	默認配置	做用域	官方說明	中文解讀	模塊
break	無	server, location, if	Stops processing the current set of ngx_http_rewrite_module directives.	中斷當前的重寫	ngx_http_rewrite_module
if	無	server, location	The specified condition is evaluated. If true, this module directives specified inside the braces are executed, and the request is assigned the configuration inside the if directive. Configurations inside the if directives are inherited from the previous configuration level.	if表達式成立則執行，if代碼塊裏頭的配置繼承外部的配置; false和0都表示不成立; string比較，相等用=，不相等用!= ; 文件存在用-f，不存在用! -f ; 目錄存在用-d，不存在用 ! -d ; 連接存在用-e，不存在用! -e ; 文件可執行用-x，不可執行用! -x	ngx_http_rewrite_module
return	無，語法 return code [text]; return code URL; return URL;	server, location, if	Stops processing and returns the specified code to a client. The non-standard code 444 closes a connection without sending a response header.	中止處理並返回，返回444的話則會關閉鏈接，連header都不會發送	ngx_http_rewrite_module
rewrite	無，語法 rewrite regex replacement [flag];	server, location, if	If the specified regular expression matches a request URI, URI is changed as specified in the replacement string. The rewrite directives are executed sequentially in order of their appearance in the configuration file. It is possible to terminate further processing of the directives using flags. If a replacement string starts with 「http://」, 「https://」, or 「$scheme」, the processing stops and the redirect is returned to a client.	last中止匹配,使用重寫後的url進行新的匹配; break中止當前的url重寫; redirect進行302跳轉; permanent進行301跳轉	ngx_http_rewrite_module
rewrite_log	rewrite_log off;	http, server, location, if	Enables or disables logging of ngx_http_rewrite_module module directives processing results into the error_log at the notice level.	設置是否在error_log以notice級別開啓rewrite的log	ngx_http_rewrite_module
set	無，語法 set $variable value;	server, location, if	Sets a value for the specified variable. The value can contain text, variables, and their combination.	設置變量	ngx_http_rewrite_module
uninitialized_variable_warn	uninitialized_variable_warn on;	http, server, location, if	Controls whether warnings about uninitialized variables are logged.	設置是否打印使用了未初始化變量的log	ngx_http_rewrite_module

實例

http {
        # a special log format referencing variables we'll define later
        log_format imagelog '[$time_local] ' $image_file ' 
                            '$image_type ' 
                            ' $body_bytes_sent ' 
                            ' $status;
                            
        # we want to enable rewrite-rule debugging to see if our rule does what we intend
        rewrite_log on;
        
        server {
            root /home/www;
            location / {
                # we specify which logfile should receive the rewriteruledebug messages
                error_log logs/rewrite.log notice;

                # our rewrite rule, utilizing captures and positional variables
                # note the quotes around the regular expression theseare required because we used {} within the expression itself
                rewrite '^/images/([a-z]{2})/([a-z0-9]{5})/(.*)\.(png|jpg|gif)$' /data?file=$3.$4;
                
                # note that we didn't use the 'last' parameter above; if we had, the variables below would not be set because NGINX would have ended rewrite module processing here we set the variables that are used in the custom log format 'imagelog'
                set $image_file $3;
                set $image_type $4;
            }
    }
}

doc

• ngx_http_rewrite_module