攔截器--HandlerInterceptor

攔截器接口

package org.springframework.web.servlet;  
public interface HandlerInterceptor {  
    boolean preHandle(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler)   
            throws Exception;  
  
    void postHandle(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)   
            throws Exception;  
  
    void afterCompletion(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,   
            Object handler, Exception ex)  
            throws Exception;  
}   

preHandle預處理回調方法,實現處理器的預處理(如登陸檢查),第三個參數爲響應的處理器;html

返回值:true表示繼續流程(如調用下一個攔截器或處理器);java

false表示流程中斷(如登陸檢查失敗),不會繼續調用其餘的攔截器或處理器,此時咱們須要經過response來產生響應;web

postHandle後處理回調方法,實現處理器的後處理(但在渲染視圖以前),此時咱們能夠經過modelAndView(模型和視圖對象)對模型數據進行處理或對視圖進行處理,modelAndView也可能爲null。spring

afterCompletion整個請求處理完畢回調方法,即在視圖渲染完畢時回調,如性能監控中咱們能夠在此記錄結束時間並輸出消耗時間,還能夠進行一些資源清理,相似於try-catch-finally中的finally,但僅調用處理器執行鏈中preHandle返回true的攔截器的afterCompletion設計模式

攔截器適配器

有時候咱們可能只須要實現三個回調方法中的某一個,若是實現HandlerInterceptor接口的話,三個方法必須實現,無論你需不須要,此時spring提供了一個HandlerInterceptorAdapter適配器(一種適配器設計模式的實現),容許咱們只實現須要的回調方法。服務器

 

public abstract class HandlerInterceptorAdapter implements HandlerInterceptor {  
     //省略代碼 此處因此三個回調方法都是空實現,preHandle返回true。  
} 

運行流程圖

正常流程mvc

中斷流程app

中斷流程中,好比是HandlerInterceptor2中斷的流程(preHandle返回false),此處僅調用它以前攔截器的preHandle返回true的afterCompletion方法。jsp

 

 DispatcherServlet內部 工做ide

//doDispatch方法  
//一、處理器攔截器的預處理(正序執行)  
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();  
if (interceptors != null) {  
    for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {  
    HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];  
        if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) {  
            //1.一、失敗時觸發afterCompletion的調用  
            triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);  
            return;  
        }  
        interceptorIndex = i;//1.二、記錄當前預處理成功的索引  
}  
}  
//二、處理器適配器調用咱們的處理器  
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());  
//當咱們返回null或沒有返回邏輯視圖名時的默認視圖名翻譯(詳解4.15.5 RequestToViewNameTranslator)  
if (mv != null && !mv.hasView()) {  
    mv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request));  
}  
//三、處理器攔截器的後處理(逆序)  
if (interceptors != null) {  
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {  
      HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];  
      interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv);  
}  
}  
//四、視圖的渲染  
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {  
render(mv, processedRequest, response);  
    if (errorView) {  
        WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);  
}  
//五、觸發整個請求處理完畢回調方法afterCompletion  
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null); 

 

// triggerAfterCompletion方法  
private void triggerAfterCompletion(HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, int interceptorIndex,  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) throws Exception {  
        // 五、觸發整個請求處理完畢回調方法afterCompletion (逆序從1.2中的預處理成功的索引處的攔截器執行)  
        if (mappedHandler != null) {  
            HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();  
            if (interceptors != null) {  
                for (int i = interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {  
                    HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];  
                    try {  
                        interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), ex);  
                    }  
                    catch (Throwable ex2) {  
                        logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  

正常流程

(1、攔截器實現

package cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor;  
//省略import  
public class HandlerInterceptor1 extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {//此處通常繼承HandlerInterceptorAdapter適配器便可  
    @Override  
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {  
        System.out.println("===========HandlerInterceptor1 preHandle");  
        return true;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {  
        System.out.println("===========HandlerInterceptor1 postHandle");  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {  
        System.out.println("===========HandlerInterceptor1 afterCompletion");  
    }  
}  

以上是HandlerInterceptor1實現,HandlerInterceptor2同理 只是輸出內容爲「HandlerInterceptor2」。

(2、控制器

package cn.javass.chapter5.web.controller;  
//省略import  
public class TestController implements Controller {  
    @Override  
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {  
        System.out.println("===========TestController");  
        return new ModelAndView("test");  
    }  
}  

(3、Spring配置文件chapter5-servlet.xml

<bean name="/test" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.controller.TestController"/>  
<bean id="handlerInterceptor1" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor1"/>  
<bean id="handlerInterceptor2" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor2"/>  
   
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">  
    <property name="interceptors">  
        <list>  
           <ref bean="handlerInterceptor1"/>  
          <ref bean="handlerInterceptor2"/>  
        </list>  
    </property>  
</bean>  

interceptors:指定攔截器鏈,攔截器的執行順序就是此處添加攔截器的順序;

4、視圖頁面WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%System.out.println("==========test.jsp");%>  
test page  

(5、啓動服務器測試

輸入網址:http://localhost:9080/springmvc-chapter5/test

控制檯輸出:

===========HandlerInterceptor1 preHandle  
===========HandlerInterceptor2 preHandle  
===========TestController  
===========HandlerInterceptor2 postHandle  
===========HandlerInterceptor1 postHandle  
==========test.jsp  
===========HandlerInterceptor2 afterCompletion  
===========HandlerInterceptor1 afterCompletion  

到此一個正常流程的演示完畢。和圖5-1同樣,接下來看一下中斷的流程。

中斷流程

(1、攔截器

HandlerInterceptor3和HandlerInterceptor4 與 以前的 HandlerInteceptor1和HandlerInterceptor2同樣,只是在HandlerInterceptor4的preHandle方法返回false:

@Override  
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {  
    System.out.println("===========HandlerInterceptor1 preHandle");  
onse.getWriter().print("break");//流程中斷的話須要咱們進行響應的處理  
    return false;//返回false表示流程中斷  

(2、控制器

流程中斷不會執行到控制器,使用以前的TestController控制器。

(3、Spring配置文件chapter5-servlet.xml

<bean id="handlerInterceptor3" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor3"/>  
<bean id="handlerInterceptor4" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor4"/>  
<bean id="handlerInterceptor3" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor3"/>  
<bean id="handlerInterceptor4" class="cn.javass.chapter5.web.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor4"/>  
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">  
    <property name="interceptors">  
        <list>  
           <ref bean="handlerInterceptor3"/>  
          <ref bean="handlerInterceptor4"/>  
        </list>  
    </property>  
</bean> 

interceptors:指定攔截器鏈,攔截器的執行順序就是此處添加攔截器的順序;

4、視圖頁面

流程中斷,不會執行到視圖渲染。

(5、啓動服務器測試

輸入網址:http://localhost:9080/springmvc-chapter5/test

控制檯輸出:

===========HandlerInterceptor3 preHandle  
===========HandlerInterceptor4 preHandle  
===========HandlerInterceptor3 afterCompletion  

此處咱們能夠看到只有HandlerInterceptor3的afterCompletion執行,符合圖5-2的中斷流程。

並且頁面上會顯示咱們在HandlerInterceptor4 preHandle 直接寫出的響應「break」。

 

提示:推薦能使用servlet規範中的過濾器Filter實現的功能就用Filter實現,由於HandlerInteceptor只有在Spring Web MVC環境下才能使用,所以Filter是最通用的、最早應該使用的。如登陸這種攔截器最好使用Filter來實現。

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