如何在ASP.NET Core中應用Entity Framework

注:本文提到的代碼示例下載地址> How to using Entity Framework DB first in ASP.NET Corehtml

如何在ASP.NET Core中應用Entity Framework

首先爲你們提醒一點,.NET Core和經典.NET Framework的Library是不通用的,包括Entity Framework!sql

哪怎麼辦? 別急,微軟爲.NET Core發佈了.NET Core版本的Entity Framework,具體配置方法與經典.NET Framework版本的稍有區別,下面的內容就爲帶領你們在ASP.NET Core中應用Entity Framework DB first。數據庫

注:目前部分工具處於Preview版本,正式版本可能會稍有區別。 json

 

前期準備:app

1.推薦使用VS2015 Update3做爲你的IDE,下載地址:www.visualstudio.comide

2.你須要安裝.NET Core的運行環境以及開發工具,這裏提供VS版:www.microsoft.com/net/core工具

3.你須要有一個Sql Server數據庫。開發工具

結構應該是這樣的。ui

CREATE DATABASE TestNetCoreEF 
GO 
USE TestNetCoreEF 
GO 
CREATE TABLE Student( 
    ID int identity primary key, 
    Name nvarchar(50), 
    Age int 
) 
  
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('Bear',18) 
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('Frank',20)

 

建立項目spa

在VS中新建項目,項目類型選在ASP.NET Core Web Application (.NET Core),輸入項目名稱爲TestEFInNetCore

接下來選擇Web Application, 右側身份認證選擇:No Authentication

 

安裝Entity Framework

打開Tool->NuGet Package Manager->Package Manager Console

 

在Pack Manager Console中運行以下命令:

  Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

  Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools –Pre

  Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Design

打開Project.json,在節點tool中添加以下配置:

"tools": { 
    "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools": "1.0.0-preview2-final", 
    …………. 
}

這是VS會自動下載對應的包至你的本地,目前這個仍是preview版本,正式版請關注:https://docs.efproject.net/en/latest/intro.html

 

生成數據庫Mapping

在Pack Manager Console中於運行以下命令:

Scaffold-DbContext "{Your DB connect string}" Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -OutputDir Models

  {Your DB connect string}:你的數據庫鏈接字符串

  Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer:目標數據庫爲Sql Server

  -OutputDir Models: 生成的文件的存放目錄,目前目錄是根目錄下的Models目錄

以後引擎會試圖鏈接你的SQL Server 數據庫,並生成文件在你指定的目錄裏。

在目錄中找到一個***Context.cs並打開它,你會發現一個以下方法,

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
    #warning To protect potentially sensitive information in your connection string, you should move it out of source code. See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=723263 for guidance on storing connection strings.
    optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"{your sql connect string}");
}

如自動生成代碼裏所寫的warning同樣,咱們不該該把鏈接字符串放在這裏。接下來的工做,讓咱們來從appsettings.json中讀取配置。

在***Context.cs中添加一個屬性用來存放ConnectionString,另外咱們須要重寫OnConfiguring方法,完整的代碼應該是這樣:

public static string ConnectionString { get; set; } 
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) 
{ 
    optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(ConnectionString); 
}

打開appSetting.json,添加以下代碼:

"ConnectionStrings": { 
    "TestNetCoreEF": "Data Source={your sql server host address};Initial Catalog=TestNetCoreEF;user id={your username};password={your password};" 
},

完整的代碼應該像這樣:

{ 
    "ConnectionStrings": { 
        "TestNetCoreEF": "Data Source={your sql server host address};Initial Catalog=TestNetCoreEF;user id={your username};password={your password};" 
    }, 
    "Logging": { 
        "IncludeScopes": false, 
        "LogLevel": { 
            "Default": "Debug", 
            "System": "Information", 
            "Microsoft": "Information" 
        } 
    } 
}

打開 Startup.cs,在ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)方法中添加以下代碼:

TestNetCoreEFContext.ConnectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("TestNetCoreEF"); 

完整的代碼應該是這樣:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{ 
    //config the db connection string 
    TestNetCoreEFContext.ConnectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("TestNetCoreEF"); 
  
    // Add framework services. 
    services.AddMvc(); 
}

 

關於調用Entity Framework

真的,相信我,跟以前一毛同樣,真的一毛同樣。

Models.TestNetCoreEFContext context = new Models.TestNetCoreEFContext();

var StudentList = context.Student.ToList();

 

最後:完整的代碼Sample以及如何運行它,請訪問:How to using Entity Framework DB First in ASP.NET Core

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