經過加速度傳感器,螺旋儀傳感器和磁力傳感,咱們能夠獲取到手機在當前三維空間中的形態,加速度傳感器也被稱做重力感應。在一些賽車遊戲中能夠普遍獲得應用。在iOS5以前,iPhone支持的傳感器有限,關於加速度傳感器的管理用UIAccelerometer這個類負責,iOS5以後,有關設備空間信息的管理交由了CoreMotion這個框架,CoreMotion將多種傳感器統一進行管理計算。算法
雖然在iOS5以後這個類被棄用了,可是和其餘大多被棄用的方法相似,在新的iOS版本中,是兼容舊方法的,咱們依然可使用這個類來獲取簡單的設備空間信息。框架
咱們主要使用到的類和代理方法以下:atom
//設備信息對象類 @interface UIAcceleration : NSObject //加速度傳感器的時間戳 @property(nonatomic,readonly) NSTimeInterval timestamp; //x方向值 @property(nonatomic,readonly) UIAccelerationValue x; //y方向值 @property(nonatomic,readonly) UIAccelerationValue y; //z方向值 @property(nonatomic,readonly) UIAccelerationValue z; @end
上面的UIAccelerationValue就是double類型。spa
加速度傳感器獲取的屬性是設備在三維空間的角度屬性,借用下面這張圖:線程
若是將設備這樣立在桌面上,設備的三維座標器如圖,咱們將設備已Z軸移動的時候,向右x爲正,向左爲負,其餘兩軸相似。代理
//加速度管理類 @interface UIAccelerometer : NSObject //獲取單例對象 + (UIAccelerometer *)sharedAccelerometer; //刷新頻率 @property(nonatomic) NSTimeInterval updateInterval; //代理 @property(nullable,nonatomic,weak) id<UIAccelerometerDelegate> delegate; @end
UIAccelerometer是管理類,經過單例方法獲取到實例對象。code
@protocol UIAccelerometerDelegate<NSObject> @optional - (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; @end
這個代理方法是刷新信息的回調,會以咱們設置的幀率刷新。對象
舉例代碼以下:遊戲
@interface ViewController ()<UIAccelerometerDelegate> @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. [UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer].delegate=self; [UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer].updateInterval=1/60.0; } -(void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration{ NSLog(@"\n%f\n%f\n%f",acceleration.x,acceleration.y,acceleration.z); // NSLog(@"%f",acceleration.timestamp); } @end
CoreMotion框架十分強大,它不只將加速度傳感器和螺旋儀傳感器進行了統一配置和管理,還爲咱們封裝了許多算法,咱們能夠直接獲取到設備的運動狀態信息。開發
CoreMotion負責處理四種數據,一種是加速度數據,一種是螺旋儀數據,一種是磁感應數據,還有一種是前三種數據經過複雜運算獲得的設備的運動數據。幾個主要的類以下:
CMAccelerommterData:設備的加速度數據
typedef struct { double x; double y; double z; } CMAcceleration; @interface CMAccelerometerData : CMLogItem { @private id _internal; } //加速度的數據對象 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMAcceleration acceleration; @end
CMGyroData:設備的螺旋儀數據
typedef struct { double x; double y; double z; } CMRotationRate; @interface CMGyroData : CMLogItem { @private id _internal; } //螺旋儀數據對象 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMRotationRate rotationRate; @end
CMMagnetometerData:磁感應信息
typedef struct { double x; double y; double z; } CMMagneticField; @interface CMMagnetometerData : CMLogItem { @private id _internal; } //磁力對象 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMMagneticField magneticField; @end
CMDeviceMotion:設備的運動狀態數據
@interface CMDeviceMotion : CMLogItem { @private id _internal; } //設備的狀態對象 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMAttitude *attitude; //設備的角速度 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMRotationRate rotationRate; //設備的重力加速度 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMAcceleration gravity; //用戶嫁給設備的加速度 設備的總加速度爲重力加速度叫上用戶給的加速度 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMAcceleration userAcceleration; //設備的磁場矢量對象 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMCalibratedMagneticField magneticField NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0);
相比以前兩個類,這個就比較複雜了,attitude對象中又封裝了許多設備的狀態屬性:
@interface CMAttitude : NSObject <NSCopying, NSSecureCoding> { @private id _internal; } //設備的歐拉角roll @property(readonly, nonatomic) double roll; //設備的歐拉角pitch @property(readonly, nonatomic) double pitch; //設備的歐拉角yaw @property(readonly, nonatomic) double yaw; //設備狀態的旋轉矩陣 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMRotationMatrix rotationMatrix; //設備狀態的四元數 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMQuaternion quaternion; @end
CoreMotion有兩種使用方式,一種是咱們主動向manager索取數據,一種是經過回調讓manager將數據傳給回調給咱們,這兩種方式分別稱做pull方式和push方式。
pull方式:
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. //建立管理對象 manager= [[CMMotionManager alloc]init]; //開啓加速度更新 [manager startAccelerometerUpdates]; //開啓螺旋儀更新 [manager startGyroUpdates]; //開啓狀態更新 [manager startMagnetometerUpdates]; //建立定時器 NSTimer * time = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(updata) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; time.fireDate = [NSDate distantPast]; } -(void)updata{ //獲取數據 NSLog(@"%f,%f,%f\n%f,%f,%f",manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.x,manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.y,manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.z,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.x,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.y,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.z); }
push方式:
//建立管理對象 manager= [[CMMotionManager alloc]init]; //在當前線程中回調 [manager startAccelerometerUpdatesToQueue:[NSOperationQueue currentQueue] withHandler:^(CMAccelerometerData * _Nullable accelerometerData, NSError * _Nullable error) { NSLog(@"%f,%f,%f\n%f,%f,%f",manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.x,manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.y,manager.accelerometerData.acceleration.z,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.x,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.y,manager.gyroData.rotationRate.z); }];
@interface CMMotionManager : NSObject { @private id _internal; } //設置加速度傳感器更新幀率 @property(assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval accelerometerUpdateInterval __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //加速度傳感器是否可用 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isAccelerometerAvailable) BOOL accelerometerAvailable __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //加速度傳感器是否激活 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isAccelerometerActive) BOOL accelerometerActive __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //加速度傳感器數據對象 @property(readonly, nullable) CMAccelerometerData *accelerometerData __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //pull方式開始更新加速度數據 - (void)startAccelerometerUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //push方式更新加速度數據 - (void)startAccelerometerUpdatesToQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue withHandler:(CMAccelerometerHandler)handler __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //中止更新加速度數據 - (void)stopAccelerometerUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //螺旋儀傳感器刷新幀率 @property(assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval gyroUpdateInterval __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //螺旋儀是否可用 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isGyroAvailable) BOOL gyroAvailable __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //螺旋儀是否激活 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isGyroActive) BOOL gyroActive __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //螺旋儀數據 @property(readonly, nullable) CMGyroData *gyroData __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //pull方式開始更新螺旋儀 - (void)startGyroUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //push方式開始更新螺旋儀 - (void)startGyroUpdatesToQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue withHandler:(CMGyroHandler)handler __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //中止更新螺旋儀 - (void)stopGyroUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //磁力傳感更新幀率 @property(assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval magnetometerUpdateInterval NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備磁力傳感器是否可用 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isMagnetometerAvailable) BOOL magnetometerAvailable NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備磁力傳感器是否激活 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isMagnetometerActive) BOOL magnetometerActive NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備磁力狀態數據 @property(readonly, nullable) CMMagnetometerData *magnetometerData NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //pull方式更新設備磁力狀態 - (void)startMagnetometerUpdates NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //push方式更新設備磁力狀態 - (void)startMagnetometerUpdatesToQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue withHandler:(CMMagnetometerHandler)handler NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //中止更新設備狀態 - (void)stopMagnetometerUpdates NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備狀態更新幀率 @property(assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval deviceMotionUpdateInterval __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //參考器枚舉 + (CMAttitudeReferenceFrame)availableAttitudeReferenceFrames NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; @property(readonly, nonatomic) CMAttitudeReferenceFrame attitudeReferenceFrame NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備運動信息是否可用 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isDeviceMotionAvailable) BOOL deviceMotionAvailable __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備運動信息是否激活 @property(readonly, nonatomic, getter=isDeviceMotionActive) BOOL deviceMotionActive __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //設備運動信息對象 @property(readonly, nullable) CMDeviceMotion *deviceMotion __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //pull方式開始刷新運動信息 - (void)startDeviceMotionUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //push方式開始刷新運動信息 - (void)startDeviceMotionUpdatesToQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue withHandler:(CMDeviceMotionHandler)handler __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //使用某個參考系 - (void)startDeviceMotionUpdatesUsingReferenceFrame:(CMAttitudeReferenceFrame)referenceFrame NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //push方式開始刷新設備運動信息 - (void)startDeviceMotionUpdatesUsingReferenceFrame:(CMAttitudeReferenceFrame)referenceFrame toQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue withHandler:(CMDeviceMotionHandler)handler NS_AVAILABLE(NA,5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; //中止刷新設備運動信息 - (void)stopDeviceMotionUpdates __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
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