在實際應用中,咱們常常會遇到這樣的場景,當頁面加載完成後去作一些事情:綁定事件、DOM操做某些結點等。原來比較經常使用的是window的onload 事件,而該事件的實際效果是:當頁面解析/DOM樹創建完成,並完成了諸如圖片、腳本、樣式表甚至是iframe中全部資源的下載後才觸發的。這對於不少 實際的應用而言有點太「遲」了,比較影響用戶體驗。爲了解決這個問題,ff中便增長了一個DOMContentLoaded方法,與onload相比,該 方法觸發的時間更早,它是在頁面的DOM內容加載完成後即觸發,而無需等待其餘資源的加載。Webkit引擎從版本525(Webkit nightly 1/2008:525+)開始也引入了該事件,Opera中也包含該方法。到目前爲止主流的IE仍然沒有要添加的意思。雖然IE下沒有,但老是有解決辦法 的,下文對比了一下幾大主流框架對於該事件的兼容性版本實現方案,涉及的框架包括: javascript
實現代碼: html
(function () { /* Support for the DOMContentLoaded event is based on work by Dan Webb, Matthias Miller, Dean Edwards and John Resig. */ var timer; function fireContentLoadedEvent() { if (document.loaded) return; if (timer) window.clearInterval(timer); document.fire("dom:loaded"); document.loaded = true; } if (document.addEventListener) { if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) { timer = window.setInterval(function () { if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)) fireContentLoadedEvent(); }, 0); Event.observe(window, "load", fireContentLoadedEvent); } else { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", fireContentLoadedEvent, false); } } else { document.write("<" + "script id=__onDOMContentLoaded defer src=//:><\/script>"); $("__onDOMContentLoaded").onreadystatechange = function () { if (this.readyState == "complete") { this.onreadystatechange = null; fireContentLoadedEvent(); } }; } })();
實現思路以下: java
該實現方式的問題主要有兩點:第1、經過document.write寫script並設置defer的方法在頁面包含iframe的狀況下,會等到 iframe內的內容加載完後才觸發,這與onload沒有太大的區別;第2、Webkit在525以上的版本引入了DOMContentLoaded方 法,所以在這些版本中無需再經過輪詢來實現,能夠優化。 node
function bindReady() { if (readyBound) return; readyBound = true; // Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event if (document.addEventListener) { // Use the handy event callback document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false); jQuery.ready(); }, false); // If IE event model is used } else if (document.attachEvent) { // ensure firing before onload, // maybe late but safe also for iframes document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function () { if (document.readyState === "complete") { document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange", arguments.callee); jQuery.ready(); } }); // If IE and not an iframe // continually check to see if the document is ready if (document.documentElement.doScroll && typeof window.frameElement === "undefined") (function () { if (jQuery.isReady) return; try { // If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/ document.documentElement.doScroll("left"); } catch (error) { setTimeout(arguments.callee, 0); return; } // and execute any waiting functions jQuery.ready(); })(); } // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work jQuery.event.add(window, "load", jQuery.ready); }
實現思路以下: web
jQuery對於IE的解決方案,使用了一種新的方法,該方法源自http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/。 它的原理是,在IE下,DOM的某些方法只有在DOM解析完成後才能夠調用,doScroll就是這樣一個方法,反過來當能調用doScroll的時候即 是DOM解析完成之時,與prototype中的document.write相比,該方案能夠解決頁面有iframe時失效的問題。此外,jQuery 彷佛擔憂當頁面處於iframe中時,該方法會失效,所以實現代碼中作了判斷,若是是在iframe中則經過document的 onreadystatechange來實現,不然經過doScroll來實現。不過經測試,即便是在iframe中,doScroll依然有效。 瀏覽器
(function () { var domready = function () { if (Browser.loaded) return; Browser.loaded = true; window.fireEvent('domready'); document.fireEvent('domready'); }; if (Browser.Engine.trident) { var temp = document.createElement('div'); (function () { ($try(function () { temp.doScroll('left'); return $(temp).inject(document.body).set('html', 'temp').dispose(); })) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50); })(); } else if (Browser.Engine.webkit && Browser.Engine.version < 525) { (function () { (['loaded', 'complete'].contains(document.readyState)) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50); })(); } else { window.addEvent('load', domready); document.addEvent('DOMContentLoaded', domready); } })();
實現思路以下: app
Moontools的實現方案prototype和jQeury中的綜合體,對webkit作了版本判斷則使得該方案更加的健壯。在doScroll的實現方面,與jQuery相比,這裏是新建了一個div元素,而且在使用完畢後進行銷燬,而jQuery則直接使用了documentElement的 doScroll來檢測,更簡單高效一些。 框架
// START DOMContentLoaded // Mozilla and Opera 9 expose the event we could use if (document.addEventListener) { // NOTE: // due to a threading issue in Firefox 2.0, we can't enable // DOMContentLoaded on that platform. For more information, see: // http://trac.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/1704 if (dojo.isOpera || dojo.isFF >= 3 || (dojo.isMoz && dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded === true)) { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", dojo._loadInit, null); } // mainly for Opera 8.5, won't be fired if DOMContentLoaded fired already. // also used for Mozilla because of trac #1640 window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null); } if (dojo.isAIR) { window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null); } else if (/(WebKit|khtml)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { // sniff dojo._khtmlTimer = setInterval(function () { if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)) { dojo._loadInit(); // call the onload handler } }, 10); } // END DOMContentLoaded } (function () { var _w = window; var _handleNodeEvent = function (/*String*/ evtName, /*Function*/ fp) { // summary: // non-destructively adds the specified function to the node's // evtName handler. // evtName: should be in the form "onclick" for "onclick" handlers. // Make sure you pass in the "on" part. var oldHandler = _w[evtName] || function () {}; _w[evtName] = function () { fp.apply(_w, arguments); oldHandler.apply(_w, arguments); }; }; if (dojo.isIE) { // for Internet Explorer. readyState will not be achieved on init // call, but dojo doesn't need it however, we'll include it // because we don't know if there are other functions added that // might. Note that this has changed because the build process // strips all comments -- including conditional ones. if (!dojo.config.afterOnLoad) { document.write('<scr' + 'ipt defer="" src="//:" +="" onreadystatechange="if(this.readyState==\'complete\'){' + dojo._scopeName + '._loadInit();}">' + '</scr' + 'ipt>'); } try { document.namespaces.add("v", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"); document.createStyleSheet().addRule("v\\:*", "behavior:url(#default#VML)"); } catch (e) {} } // FIXME: dojo.unloaded requires dojo scope, so using anon function wrapper. _handleNodeEvent("onbeforeunload", function () { dojo.unloaded(); }); _handleNodeEvent("onunload", function () { dojo.windowUnloaded(); }); })();
實現思路以下: dom
Dojo在IE下的實現方案一樣沒法解決iframe的問題,而因爲在FF2 下會有一個很是奇怪的Bug,所以默認只在FF3以上版本上使用DOMContentLoaded事件,同時又給了一個配置 -dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded,若是在FF下將該配置設置爲true則依然會使用 DOMContentLoaded來實現,這一點充分考慮到了靈活性。對於webkit的實現,與prototype同樣有優化的空間。 ide
/*! DOMReady: based on work by: Dean Edwards/John Resig/Matthias Miller */ // Internet Explorer: use the readyState of a defered script. // This isolates what appears to be a safe moment to manipulate // the DOM prior to when the document's readyState suggests // it is safe to do so. if (EU.isIE) { // Process onAvailable/onContentReady items when the // DOM is ready. YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady( YAHOO.util.Event._tryPreloadAttach, YAHOO.util.Event, true); var n = document.createElement('p'); EU._dri = setInterval(function () { try { // throws an error if doc is not ready n.doScroll('left'); clearInterval(EU._dri); EU._dri = null; EU._ready(); n = null; } catch (ex) {} }, EU.POLL_INTERVAL); // The document's readyState in Safari currently will // change to loaded/complete before images are loaded. } else if (EU.webkit && EU.webkit < 525) { EU._dri = setInterval(function () { var rs = document.readyState; if ("loaded" == rs || "complete" == rs) { clearInterval(EU._dri); EU._dri = null; EU._ready(); } }, EU.POLL_INTERVAL); // FireFox and Opera: These browsers provide a event for this // moment. The latest WebKit releases now support this event. } else { EU._simpleAdd(document, "DOMContentLoaded", EU._ready); } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// EU._simpleAdd(window, "load", EU._load); EU._simpleAdd(window, "unload", EU._unload); EU._tryPreloadAttach(); })();
實現思路與Moontools同樣
function initDocReady() { var COMPLETE = "complete"; docReadyEvent = new Ext.util.Event(); if (Ext.isGecko || Ext.isOpera) { DOC.addEventListener(DOMCONTENTLOADED, fireDocReady, false); } else if (Ext.isIE) { DOC.write("<s" + 'cript id=" + IEDEFERED + " defer="defer" src="/%27+%27/:"></s"+' cript > "); DOC.getElementById(IEDEFERED).onreadystatechange = function(){ if(this.readyState == COMPLETE){ fireDocReady(); } }; } else if (Ext.isWebKit){ docReadyProcId = setInterval(function(){ if(DOC.readyState == COMPLETE) { fireDocReady(); } }, 10); } // no matter what, make sure it fires on load E.on(WINDOW, " load ", fireDocReady); };
實現思路與Dojo的一致,再也不贅訴。
總結各大主流框架的作法,寫了如下這個版本。主要是儘可能的作到優化並考慮到FF2下的Bug,提供一個是否使用DOMContentLoaded的開關配置。
/* * 註冊瀏覽器的DOMContentLoaded事件 * @param { Function } onready [必填]在DOMContentLoaded事件觸發時須要執行的函數 * @param { Object } config [可選]配置項 */ function onDOMContentLoaded(onready, config) { //瀏覽器檢測相關對象,在此爲節省代碼未實現,實際使用時須要實現。 //var Browser = {}; //設置是否在FF下使用DOMContentLoaded(在FF2下的特定場景有Bug) this.conf = { enableMozDOMReady : true }; if (config) for (var p in config) this.conf[p] = config[p]; var isReady = false; function doReady() { if (isReady) return; //確保onready只執行一次 isReady = true; onready(); } /*IE*/ if (Browser.ie) { (function () { if (isReady) return; try { document.documentElement.doScroll("left"); } catch (error) { setTimeout(arguments.callee, 0); return; } doReady(); })(); window.attachEvent('onload', doReady); } /*Webkit*/ else if (Browser.webkit && Browser.version < 525) { (function () { if (isReady) return; if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)) doReady(); else setTimeout(arguments.callee, 0); })(); window.addEventListener('load', doReady, false); } /*FF Opera 高版webkit 其餘*/ else { if (!Browser.ff || Browser.version != 2 || this.conf.enableMozDOMReady) document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false); doReady(); }, false); window.addEventListener('load', doReady, false); } }