狀語(adverbial,簡稱adv.)是句子的重要修飾成分,是謂語裏的另外一個附加成分,從狀況、時間、處所、方式、條件、對象、確定、否認、範圍和程度等方面對謂語中心詞進行修飾、限制。在不一樣的語言中「狀語」有不一樣的做用,中文狀語是動詞或形容詞前面的連帶成分,用來修飾、限制動詞或形容詞,表示動做的狀態、方式、時間、處所或程度等;英語狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子;德語狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。ide
狀語的做用:狀語說明地點、時間、緣由、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨情況等。
狀語通常由副詞、
介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、名詞、不定式或至關於副詞的詞或短語來擔當。其位置通常放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
副詞是一種用來修飾
動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念。
He speaks English very well. 他英語說得很是好。
其中的「very」是程度副詞,用來修飾「well」。「very well」是修飾「speak」的程度狀語。
2. 不定式在句子中能夠做目的狀語
I come specially to see you. 我專門來看你。
3.介詞短語
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.
從十年之前開始,她開始住在了大連。
The boy was praised for his bravery.
這個男孩由於他的勇敢而被誇獎。
4.從句做狀語
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
她12歲的那一年開始居住於大連。
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
若是我明天不忙,我就會陪你踢足球。
5.動詞ing形式做狀語
①表示時間
Seeing its mother, the baby smiled. (see和smile同時發生)
看到它的母親,嬰兒笑了。
Having studied English for 3 years, he can communicate with foreigners.(先study 而後才能communicate)
學了3年英語,如今他能與外國人交流了。
②表示緣由
Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
(=Because he didn't know anything about the...)
Not having received any news from home for a long time, she is becoming more and more homesick.
(=As she hasn't received any news from home...)
③表示結果
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱,形成了那個國家洪水氾濫。
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
80個國家都有足球這項運動,使它成爲世界上最受歡迎的運動。
The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the whole area.
雪持續了一個星期,致使了整個地區的嚴重交通堵塞。
④表示方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生計。
⑤表示伴隨
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(reading是伴隨着sat進行的)
她坐在書桌前看報紙。
「Can't you read?」Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.(pointing是伴隨着said進行的)
「你本身不會看嗎?」瑪麗指着那個告示牌並憤怒地說道。
I offered them something to eat, thinking they might be hungry.
我給了他們一些東西吃,心想着他們可能餓了。
6.名詞做狀語
We must get together again some day.
未來某天咱們必能再相聚.
we should serve people heart and soul.
咱們應該全心全意地服務
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