完整代碼傳送門,見文章末尾html
傳統 Synchronizdjava
package com.godfrey.demo01; /** * description : 模擬賣票 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-14 */ public class SaleTicketDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Ticket ticket = new Ticket(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) { ticket.sale(); } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) { ticket.sale(); } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) { ticket.sale(); } }, "C").start(); } } //資源類OOP class Ticket { private int number = 50; public synchronized void sale() { if (number > 0) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "賣出了第" + (50 - (number--)) + "票,剩餘:" + number); } } }
Synchronized(本質:隊列+鎖)和Lock區別git
Synchronized 是內置關鍵字,Lock 是一個Java類程序員
Synchronized 沒法判斷鎖的狀態,Lock 能夠判斷是否獲取到了鎖github
Synchronized 會自動釋放鎖,Lock 必須手動釋放!若是不釋放鎖,死鎖ajax
Synchronized 線程1(得到鎖,阻塞)、線程2(等待,傻傻的等);Lock 鎖就不必定會等待下去(tryLock)編程
Synchronized 可重入鎖,不可中斷,非公平;Lock 可重入鎖 ,能夠判斷鎖,非公平(能夠本身設置);緩存
Synchronized 適合鎖少許的代碼同步問題,Lock 適合鎖大量的同步代碼!安全
鎖是什麼,如何判斷鎖的是誰多線程
Synchronized版生產者消費者問題
package proc; /** * description : 生產者消費者問題 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-14 */ public class A { public static void main(String[] args) { Data data = new Data(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.increment(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.decrement(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "B").start(); } } // 判斷等待,業務,通知 class Data { private int number = 0; //+1 public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException { if (number != 0) { //等待 this.wait(); } number++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我+1完畢了 this.notifyAll(); } //-1 public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException { if (number == 0) { //等待 this.wait(); } number--; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我-1完畢了 this.notifyAll(); } }
Lock接口
公平鎖:十分公平:能夠先來後到
非公平鎖:十分不公平:能夠插隊 (默認)
package com.godfrey.demo01; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * description : 模擬賣票 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-14 */ public class SaleTicketDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { Ticket ticket = new Ticket(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); }, "C").start(); } } //Lock class Ticket2 { private int number = 30; Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public synchronized void sale() { lock.lock(); try { if (number > 0) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "賣出了第" + (50 - (number--)) + "票,剩餘:" + number); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
問題存在,ABCD四個線程!怎麼解決?
if ==>while
package com.godfrey.proc; /** * description : Synchronized版生成者消費者問題 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-14 */ public class A { public static void main(String[] args) { Data data = new Data(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.increment(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.increment(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.decrement(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "C").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.decrement(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "D").start(); } } // 判斷等待,業務,通知 class Data { private int number = 0; //+1 public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException { while (number != 0) { //等待 this.wait(); } number++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我+1完畢了 this.notifyAll(); } //-1 public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException { while (number == 0) { //等待 this.wait(); } number--; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我-1完畢了 this.notifyAll(); } }
JUC版的生產者和消費者問題
經過Lock
package com.godfrey.proc; /** * description : Lock版生產者消費者問題 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-14 */ import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class B { public static void main(String[] args) { Data2 data = new Data2(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.increment(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.increment(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.decrement(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "C").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { data.decrement(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "D").start(); } } // 判斷等待,業務,通知 class Data2 { private int number = 0; private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); //+1 public void increment() throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); try { while (number != 0) { //等待 condition.await(); } number++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我+1完畢了 condition.signalAll(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } //-1 public void decrement() throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); try { while (number == 0) { //等待 condition.await(); } number--; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + number); //通知其餘線程,我-1完畢了 condition.signalAll(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
Condition的優點:精準通知和喚醒線程
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package com.godfrey.proc; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * description : 按順序執行 A->B->C * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class C { public static void main(String[] args) { Data3 data = new Data3(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { data.printA(); } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { data.printB(); } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { data.printC(); } }, "C").start(); } } //資源類 class Data3 { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition(); private int number = 1; //1A 2B 3C public void printA() { lock.lock(); try { //業務,判斷->執行->通知 while (number != 1) { //等待 condition1.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>AAAAA"); //通知指定的人,B number = 2; condition2.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void printB() { lock.lock(); try { //業務,判斷->執行->通知 while (number != 2) { //等待 condition2.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>BBBBB"); //通知指定的人,C number = 3; condition3.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void printC() { lock.lock(); try { //業務,判斷->執行->通知 while (number != 3) { //等待 condition3.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>CCCCC"); //通知指定的人,C number = 1; condition1.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
package com.godfrey.lock8; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 8鎖:關於鎖的8個問題 * 1.標準狀況下 ,兩個線程先打印發短信仍是打電話? 1/發短信 2/打電話 * 2.sendSms延時4秒 ,兩個線程先打印發短信仍是打電話? 1/發短信 2/打電話 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Test1 { public static void main(String[] args) { Phone phone = new Phone(); new Thread(() -> { phone.sendSms(); }, "A").start(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } new Thread(() -> { phone.call(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone { //synchronized 鎖的對象是方法的調用者! public synchronized void sendSms() { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("發短信"); } public synchronized void call() { System.out.println("打電話"); } }
package com.godfrey.lock8; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 8鎖:關於鎖的8個問題 * 3.增長了一個普通方法後!先執行發短信仍是Hello? 普通方法 * 4.建立兩個對象,!先執行發短信仍是打電話? 打電話 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Test2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //兩個對象,兩個調用者,兩把鎖 Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2(); Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2(); new Thread(() -> { phone1.sendSms(); }, "A").start(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } new Thread(() -> { //phone1.hello(); phone2.call(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone2 { //synchronized 鎖的對象是方法的調用者! public synchronized void sendSms() { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("發短信"); } public synchronized void call() { System.out.println("打電話"); } //這裏沒有鎖!不是同步方法,不受鎖的影響 public void hello() { System.out.println("Hello"); } }
package com.godfrey.lock8; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 8鎖:關於鎖的8個問題 * 5.增長兩個靜態的同步方法,只要一個對象,先打樣發短信仍是打電話? 發短信 * 6.兩個對象,增長兩個靜態的同步方法,只要一個對象,先打樣發短信仍是打電話? 發短信 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Test3 { public static void main(String[] args) { //兩個對象,兩個調用者,兩把鎖 //static 靜態方法 //類一加載就有了!鎖的是class //Phone3 phone = new Phone3(); Phone3 phone1 = new Phone3(); Phone3 phone2 = new Phone3(); new Thread(() -> { //phone.sendSms(); phone1.sendSms(); }, "A").start(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } new Thread(() -> { phone2.call(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone3 { //synchronized 鎖的對象是方法的調用者! public static synchronized void sendSms() { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("發短信"); } public static synchronized void call() { System.out.println("打電話"); } }
package com.godfrey.lock8; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 8鎖:關於鎖的8個問題 * 7.一個靜態同步方法一個普通方法,先打樣發短信仍是打電話? 打電話 * 8.一個靜態同步方法一個普通方法,兩個對象,先打樣發短信仍是打電話? 打電話 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Test4 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Phone4 phone = new Phone4(); Phone4 phone1 = new Phone4(); Phone4 phone2 = new Phone4(); new Thread(() -> { //phone.sendSms(); phone1.sendSms(); }, "A").start(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } new Thread(() -> { phone2.call(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone4 { //靜態同步方法,鎖的對象是Class模板! public static synchronized void sendSms() { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("發短信"); } //普通同步方法,鎖的是調用者 public synchronized void call() { System.out.println("打電話"); } }
小結:看鎖的是Class仍是對象,看是否同一個調用者
List不安全
package com.godfrey.unsafe; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList; /** * description : java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 併發修改異常 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class ListTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //併發下 ArrayList不安全的 /** * 解決方案: * 1.List<String> list = new Vector<>(); * 2.List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>()); * 3.List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); */ //CopyOnWrite 寫入時複製COW 計算機程序設計 領域的一種優化策略 //多個線程調用的時候,list, 讀取的時候,固定的,寫入(覆蓋) //在寫入的時候避免覆蓋,形成數據問題! //讀寫分離 //CopyOnWriteArrayList 比 Vector 牛逼在哪裏?CopyOnWriteArrayList用Lock,Vector用Synchronized List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { new Thread(() -> { list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5)); System.out.println(list); }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } } }
Set不安全
package com.godfrey.unsafe; import java.util.Set; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet; /** * description : java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 併發修改異常 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class SetTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); //併發下 HashSet不安全的 /** * 解決方案: * 1. Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>()); * 2. Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>(); */ Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { new Thread(() -> { set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5)); System.out.println(set); }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } } }
問:HashSet的底層是什麼?
答:HashMap
public HashSet() { map = new HashMap<>(); } //add set的本質是map key public boolean add(E e) { return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null; } private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
Map不安全
package com.godfrey.unsafe; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * description : java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 併發修改異常 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class MapTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // Map<String, String> map= new HashMap<>(); // 等價於 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(16,0.75f);//加載因子,初始化容量 //併發下 HashMap不安全的 /** * 解決方案: * 1.Map<String, String> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>()); * 2.Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); */ Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) { new Thread(() -> { map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5)); System.out.println(map); }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } } }
代碼測試
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package com.godfrey.callable; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; /** * description : Callable測試 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class CallableTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { //new Thread(new Runnable).start(); //new Thread(new FutureTask<V>()).start(); //new Thread(new FutureTask<V>(Callable)).start(); MyThread thread = new MyThread(); FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(thread);//適配類 new Thread(futureTask, "A").start(); new Thread(futureTask, "B").start();//結果會被緩存,提升效率,最後打印只有一份 Integer integer = futureTask.get();//獲取Callable的返回結果(get方法可能會產生阻塞【大數據等待返回結果慢】!把它放到最會,或者用異步通訊) System.out.println(integer); } } class MyThread implements Callable<Integer> { @Override public Integer call() { System.out.println("call()"); return 1024; } }
細節:
package com.godfrey.add; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; /** * description : 減法計數器 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class CountDownLatchDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { //總數是6 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { new Thread(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\tGo Out"); countDownLatch.countDown();//-1 }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } countDownLatch.await();//等待計數器歸零,而後再向下執行 System.out.println("Close Door"); } }
原理:
countDownLatch.countDown()
//數量-1
countDownLatch.await()
//等待計數器歸零,而後再向下執行
每次有線程調用countDown()數量-1 , 假設計數器變爲0 , countDownLatch.await()就會被喚醒,繼續執行!
加法計數器
package com.godfrey.add; import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException; import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; /** * description : 加法計數器 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class CyclicBarrierDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 集齊七顆龍珠召喚神龍 * 集齊龍珠的線程 */ CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7, () -> { System.out.println("召喚神龍成功"); }); for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { final int temp = i;//lambda操做不到i new Thread(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收集" + temp + "個龍珠"); try { cyclicBarrier.await();//等待 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } } }
Semaphore:信號量
搶車位!
package com.godfrey.add; import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 信號量 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class SemaphoreDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { //線程數量:停車位! 限流! Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { new Thread(() -> { //acquire() 獲得 try { semaphore.acquire(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "搶到車位"); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "離開車位"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //release() 釋放 semaphore.release(); } }).start(); } } }
原理:
semaphore.acquire()
得到,假設若是已經滿了, 等待,等待被釋放爲止!
semaphore.release()
釋放,會將當前的信號量釋放+ 1 ,而後喚醒等待的線程!
做用:
ReadWriteLock
package com.godfrey.rw; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; /** * description : 讀寫鎖 * 獨佔鎖(寫鎖) 一次只能被一個線程佔有 * 共享鎖(讀鎖) 多個線程能夠同時佔有 * ReadWriteLock * 讀-讀 能夠共存! * 讀-寫 不能共存! * 寫-寫 不能共存! * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class ReadWriteLockDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { MyCacheLock myCache = new MyCacheLock(); //寫入 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int temp = i; new Thread(() -> { myCache.put(temp + "", temp + ""); }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } //讀取 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int temp = i; new Thread(() -> { myCache.get(temp + ""); }, String.valueOf(i)).start(); } } } //加鎖的 class MyCacheLock { private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //讀寫鎖,更加細粒度的控制 private ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); // 存,寫入的時候,只但願同時只有一個線程寫 public void put(String key, Object value) { readWriteLock.writeLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "寫入" + key); map.put(key, value); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "寫入OK"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock(); } } // 取,讀,全部人均可以 public void get(String key) { readWriteLock.readLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "讀入" + key); Object o = map.get(key); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "讀入OK"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { readWriteLock.readLock().unlock(); } } } /** * 自定義緩存 */ class MyCache { private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //存,寫 public void put(String key, Object value) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "寫入" + key); map.put(key, value); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "寫入OK"); } //取,讀 public void get(String key) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "讀入" + key); Object o = map.get(key); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "讀入OK"); } }
阻塞隊列:
什麼狀況下咱們會使用 阻塞隊列:多線程併發處理,線程池!
學會使用隊列
添加、移除
四組API
方式 | 拋出異常 | 有返回值,不拋出異常 | 阻塞 等待 | 超時 |
---|---|---|---|---|
添加 | add | offer | put | offer |
移除 | remove | poll | take | poll |
判斷隊列的首部 | element | peek | - | - |
/** * 拋出異常 */ public static void test1() { ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c")); //ava.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full 拋出異常!隊列已滿 //System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());//查看隊首元素是誰 System.out.println("==================="); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); //java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full 拋出異常!隊列爲空 //System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove()); }
/** * 有返回值,沒有異常 */ public static void test2() { ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b")); System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c")); //System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d"));// false 不拋出異常! System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());//查看隊首元素是誰 System.out.println("==================="); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); //System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());// null 不拋出異常! }
/** * 等待,阻塞(一直阻塞) */ public static void test3() throws InterruptedException { // 隊列的大小 ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); // 一直阻塞 blockingQueue.put("a"); blockingQueue.put("b"); blockingQueue.put("c"); // blockingQueue.put("d"); // 隊列沒有位置了,一直阻塞 System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); // 沒有這個元素,一直阻塞 }
/** * 等待,阻塞(等待超市) */ public static void test4() throws InterruptedException { ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3); blockingQueue.offer("a"); blockingQueue.offer("b"); blockingQueue.offer("c"); // blockingQueue.offer("d",2,TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 等待超過2秒就退出 System.out.println("==============="); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); blockingQueue.poll(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 等待超過2秒就退出 }
SynchronousQueue 同步隊列
沒有容量,
進去一個元素,必須等待取出來以後,才能再往裏面放一個元素!
put、take
package com.godfrey.bq; import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ /** * 同步隊列 * 和其餘的BlockingQueue 不同, SynchronousQueue 不存儲元素 * put了一個元素,必須從裏面先take取出來,不然不能在put進去值! */ public class SynchronousQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>(); // 同步隊列 new Thread(() -> { try { blockingQueue.put("1"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " put 1"); blockingQueue.put("2"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " put 2"); blockingQueue.put("3"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " put 3"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }, "T1").start(); new Thread(() -> { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + blockingQueue.take()); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + blockingQueue.take()); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + blockingQueue.take()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }, "T2").start(); } }
線程池:三大方法、7大參數、4種拒絕策略
池話技術
程序的運行,本質:佔用系統的資源! 優化資源的使用!=>池化技術
線程池、鏈接池、內存池、對象池///..... 建立、銷燬。十分浪費資源
池化技術:事先準備好一些資源,有人要用,就來我這裏拿,用完以後還給我
線程池的好處:
線程複用、能夠控制最大併發數、管理線程
三大方法
package com.godfrey.pool; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; /** * description : Executors 工具類、3大方法 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();// 單個線程 //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);// 建立一個固定的線程池的大小 //ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();// 可伸縮的,遇強則強,遇弱則弱 try { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { threadPool.execute(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\tOK"); }); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 線程池用完,程序結束,關閉線程池 threadPool.shutdown(); } } }
七大參數
源碼分析:
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())); } public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); } public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); } //本質ThreadPoolExecutor() public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, // 核心線程池大小 int maximumPoolSize, // 最大核心線程池大小 long keepAliveTime, // 超時了沒有人調用就會釋放 TimeUnit unit, // 超時單位 BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, // 阻塞隊列 ThreadFactory threadFactory, // 線程工廠:建立線程的,通常不用動 RejectedExecutionHandler handler // 拒絕策略) { if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize; this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize; this.workQueue = workQueue; this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime); this.threadFactory = threadFactory; this.handler = handler; }
手寫一個線程池
package com.godfrey.pool; import java.util.concurrent.*; /** * description : 七大參數與四種拒絕策略 * 四種拒絕策略: * AbortPolicy(默認):隊列滿了,還有任務進來,不處理這個任務的,直接拋出 RejectedExecution異常! * CallerRunsPolicy:哪來的回哪裏! * DiscardOldestPolicy:隊列滿了,拋棄隊列中等待最久的任務,而後把當前任務加入隊列中嘗試再次提交 * DiscardPolicy():隊列滿了,直接丟棄任務,不予任何處理也不拋出異常.若是容許任務丟失,這是最好的拒絕策略! * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-15 */ public class Demo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( //模擬銀行業務辦理 2, //常駐核心線程數 辦理業務窗口初始數量 5, //線程池可以容納同時執行的最大線程數,此值大於等於1, 辦理業務窗口最大數量 3, //多餘的空閒線程存活時間,當空間時間達到keepAliveTime值時,多餘的線程會被銷燬直到只剩下corePoolSize個線程爲止 釋放後窗口數量會變爲常駐核心數 TimeUnit.SECONDS, //超時單位 new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3), //任務隊列,被提交但還沒有被執行的任務. 候客區座位數量 Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), //線程工廠:建立線程的,通常不用動 new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()); //拒絕策略,表示當線程隊列滿了而且工做線程大於等於線程池的最大顯示 數(maxnumPoolSize)時如何來拒絕 try { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { threadPool.execute(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\tOK"); }); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 線程池用完,程序結束,關閉線程池 threadPool.shutdown(); } } }
四種拒絕策略
小結和拓展
池的最大的大小如何去設置!
獲取CPU核數System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors())
瞭解:用來(調優)
新時代的程序員:lambda表達式、鏈式編程、函數式接口、Stream流式計算
函數式接口:只有一個方法的接口
@FunctionalInterface public interface Runnable { public abstract void run(); }
.
代碼測試
函數式接口
。
package com.godfrey.function; import java.util.function.Function; /** * description : Function 函數式接口,有一個輸入參數,有一個輸出 * 只要是 函數型接口 能夠 用 lambda表達式簡化 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Function function = new Function<String, String>(){ // @Override // public String apply(String o) { // return o; // } //}; Function function = str->{return str;}; System.out.println(function.apply("123")); } }
判定型接口:有一個輸入參數,返回值只能是 布爾值!
.
package com.godfrey.function; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * description : 判定型接口,有一個輸入參數,返回值只能是布爾值! * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { //判斷字符串是否爲空 //Predicate<String> predicate = new Predicate<String>() { // @Override // public boolean test(String str) { // return str.isEmpty(); // } //}; Predicate<String> predicate = str -> { return str.isEmpty(); }; System.out.println(predicate.test("")); } }
Consumer 消費型接口
.
package com.godfrey.function; import java.util.function.Consumer; /** * description : Consumer 消費型接口,只有輸入,沒有返回值 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo03 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>() { // @Override // public void accept(String str) { // System.out.println(str); // } //}; Consumer<String> consumer = str -> System.out.println(str); consumer.accept("godfrey"); } }
Supplier 供給型接口
.
package com.godfrey.function; import java.util.function.Supplier; /** * description : Supplier 供給型接口,沒有參數,只有返回值 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo04 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Supplier supplier = new Supplier<Integer>() { // @Override // public Integer get() { // System.out.println("get()"); // return 1024; // } //}; Supplier supplier = () -> { return 1024;}; System.out.println(supplier.get()); } }
什麼是Stream流式計算
大數據:存儲 + 計算
集合、MySQL 本質就是存儲東西的;
計算都應該交給流來操做!
.
package com.godfrey.stream; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; /** * description :一分鐘內完成此題,只能用一行代碼實現! * 如今有5個用戶!篩選: * 一、ID 必須是偶數 * 二、年齡必須大於23歲 * 三、用戶名轉爲大寫字母 * 四、用戶名字母倒着排序 * 五、只輸出一個用戶! * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { User u1 = new User(1, "a", 21); User u2 = new User(2, "b", 22); User u3 = new User(3, "c", 23); User u4 = new User(4, "d", 24); User u5 = new User(6, "e", 25); //集合就算存儲 List<User> list = Arrays.asList(u1, u2, u3, u4, u5); //計算交給Stream流 list.stream() .filter(u -> { return u.getId() % 2 == 0; }) .filter(u->{return u.getAge()>23;}) .map(u->{return u.getName().toUpperCase();}) .sorted((uu1,uu2)->{return uu2.compareTo(uu1);}) .limit(1) .forEach(System.out::println); } }
什麼是 ForkJoin
ForkJoin 在 JDK 1.7 , 並行執行任務!提升效率。大數據量!
大數據:Map Reduce (把大任務拆分爲小任務)
ForkJoin 特色:工做竊取
這個裏面維護的都是雙端隊列
.
Forkjoin
.
package com.godfrey.forkjoin; import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask; /** * 求和計算的任務! * 如何使用 forkjoin * 一、forkjoinPool 經過它來執行 * 二、計算任務 forkjoinPool.execute(ForkJoinTask task) * 三、 計算類要繼承 ForkJoinTask * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class ForkJoinDemo extends RecursiveTask<Long> { private Long start; private Long end; //臨界值 private Long temp = 10000L; public ForkJoinDemo(Long start, Long end) { this.start = start; this.end = end; } //計算方法 @Override protected Long compute() { if ((end - start) > temp) { Long sum = 0L; for (Long i = start; i < end; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } else { // forkjoin 遞歸 Long middle = (start + end) / 2;//中間值 ForkJoinDemo task1 = new ForkJoinDemo(start, middle); task1.fork(); // 拆分任務,把任務壓入線程隊列 ForkJoinDemo task2 = new ForkJoinDemo(middle + 1, end); task2.fork(); // 拆分任務,把任務壓入線程隊列 return task1.join() + task2.join(); } } }
測試:
package com.godfrey.forkjoin; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool; import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask; import java.util.stream.LongStream; /** * description : 效率測試 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { //test1(); //sum=499999999500000000 時間:7192 //test2(); //sum=499999999500000000 時間:6949 test3(); //sum=500000000500000000 時間:526 } // 普通程序員 public static void test1() { Long sum = 0L; Long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (Long i = 0L; i < 10_0000_0000L; i++) { sum += i; } Long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("sum=" + sum + " 時間:" + (end - start)); } //ForkJoin public static void test2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { Long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(); ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinDemo(0L, 10_0000_0000L); ForkJoinTask<Long> submit = forkJoinPool.submit(task); Long sum = submit.get(); Long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("sum=" + sum + " 時間:" + (end - start)); } //Stream並行流 public static void test3() { Long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Long sum = LongStream.rangeClosed(0L, 10_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce(0, Long::sum); Long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("sum=" + sum + " 時間:" + (end - start)); } }
Future 設計的初衷: 對未來的某個事件的結果進行建模
package com.godfrey.future; import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 異步回調 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { //test1(); test02(); } // 沒有返回值的 runAsync 異步回調 public static void test1() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "runAsync=>Void"); }); System.out.println("1111"); completableFuture.get(); // 獲取阻塞執行結果 } // 有返回值的 supplyAsync 異步回調 // ajax,成功和失敗的回調 // 返回的是錯誤信息; public static void test02() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "supplyAsync=>Integer"); int i = 10 / 0; return 1024; }); System.out.println(completableFuture.whenComplete((t, u) -> { System.out.println("t=>" + t); // 正常的返回結果 System.out.println("u=>" + u); // 錯誤信息:java.util.concurrent.CompletionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero }).exceptionally((e) -> { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); return 233; // 能夠獲取到錯誤的返回結果 }).get()); /** * succee Code 200 * error Code 404 500 */} }
請你談談你對 Volatile 的理解
Volatile 是 Java 虛擬機提供輕量級的同步機制
什麼是JMM
JMM : Java內存模型,不存在的東西,概念!約定!
關於JMM的一些同步的約定:
線程 工做內存 、主內存
8種操做:
內存交互操做有8種,虛擬機實現必須保證每個操做都是原子的,不可再分的(對於double和long類
型的變量來講,load、store、read和write操做在某些平臺上容許例外)
JMM對這八種指令的使用,制定了以下規則:
1.保證可見性
package com.godfrey.tvolatile; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : volatile 保證可見性 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class JMMDemo { // 不加 volatile 程序就會死循環! // 加 volatile 能夠保證可見性 private volatile static int num = 0; public static void main(String[] args) { // main new Thread(() -> { // 線程 1 對主內存的變化不知道的 while (num == 0) { } }).start(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } num = 1; System.out.println(num); } }
2.不保證原子性
原子性 : 不可分割
線程A在執行任務的時候,不能被打擾的,也不能被分割。要麼同時成功,要麼同時失敗
package com.godfrey.tvolatile; /** * description : volatile 不保證原子性 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class JMMDemo { private volatile static int num = 0; public static void add() { num++; } public static void main(String[] args) { //理論上num結果應該爲 2 萬 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { new Thread(() -> { for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) { add(); } }).start(); } while (Thread.activeCount() > 2) { // main gc Thread.yield(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + num); } }
若是不加 lock 和 synchronized ,怎麼樣保證原子性
使用原子類,解決原子性問題
.
package com.godfrey.tvolatile; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * description : volatile 不保證原子性 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class VDemo02 { // volatile 不保證原子性 // 原子類的 Integer private volatile static AtomicInteger num = new AtomicInteger(); public static void add() { // num++; // 不是一個原子性操做 num.getAndIncrement(); // AtomicInteger + 1 方法, CAS } public static void main(String[] args) { //理論上num結果應該爲 2 萬 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { new Thread(() -> { for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) { add(); } }).start(); } while (Thread.activeCount() > 2) { // main gc Thread.yield(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + num); } }
這些類的底層都直接和操做系統掛鉤!在內存中修改值!Unsafe類是一個很特殊的存在!
指令重排
什麼是 指令重排:你寫的程序,計算機並非按照你寫的那樣去執行的
源代碼-->編譯器優化的重排--> 指令並行也可能會重排--> 內存系統也會重排---> 執行
處理器在進行指令重排的時候,考慮:數據之間的依賴性!
int x = 1; // 1 int y = 2; // 2 x = x + 5; // 3 y = x * x; // 4 咱們所指望的:1234 可是可能執行的時候回變成 2134 1324 可不多是 4123!
可能形成影響的結果: a b x y 這四個值默認都是 0;
線程A | 線程B |
---|---|
x=a | y=b |
b=1 | a=2 |
正常的結果: x = 0;y = 0;可是可能因爲指令重排
線程A | 線程B |
---|---|
b=1 | a=2 |
x=a | y=b |
指令重排致使的詭異結果: x = 2;y = 1;
禁止指令重排
volatile能夠禁止指令重排:
內存屏障。CPU指令。做用:
.
Volatile 是能夠保持 可見性。不能保證原子性,因爲內存屏障,能夠保證避免指令重排的現象產生!
餓漢式 DCL懶漢式,深究!
餓漢式
package com.godfrey.single; /** * description : 餓漢式單例 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Hungry { private Hungry() { } public final static Hungry HUNGRY = new Hungry(); public static Hungry getInstance() { return HUNGRY; } }
靜態內部類
package com.godfrey.single; /** * description : 靜態內部類單例 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Holder { private Holder() { } private static class InnerClass { private final static Holder HOLDER = new Holder(); } public static Holder getInstance() { return InnerClass.HOLDER; } }
單例不安全,反射
枚舉
package com.godfrey.single; /** * description : 枚舉單例 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public enum EnumSingle { INSTANCE; }
經過class文件反編譯獲得Java文件:
// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8g. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov. // Jad home page: http://www.kpdus.com/jad.html // Decompiler options: packimports(3) // Source File Name: EnumSingle.java package com.godfrey.single; import java.io.PrintStream; public final class EnumSingle extends Enum { public static EnumSingle[] values() { return (EnumSingle[])$VALUES.clone(); } public static EnumSingle valueOf(String name) { return (EnumSingle)Enum.valueOf(com/godfrey/single/EnumSingle, name); } private EnumSingle(String s, int i) { super(s, i); } public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(INSTANCE); } public static final EnumSingle INSTANCE; private static final EnumSingle $VALUES[]; static { INSTANCE = new EnumSingle("INSTANCE", 0); $VALUES = (new EnumSingle[] { INSTANCE }); } }
能夠發現枚舉的單例構造器是有參的
什麼是 CAS
package com.godfrey.cas; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * description : CAS compareAndSet : 比較並交換 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class CASDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020); // 指望、更新 // public final boolean compareAndSet(int expectedValue, int newValue) // 若是我指望的值達到了,那麼就更新,不然,就不更新, CAS 是CPU的併發原語! System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021)); System.out.println(atomicInteger.get()); atomicInteger.getAndIncrement(); System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021)); System.out.println(atomicInteger.get()); } }
Unsafe 類
CAS : 比較當前工做內存中的值和主內存中的值,若是這個值是指望的,那麼則執行操做!若是不是就一直循環!
缺點:
CAS : ABA 問題(狸貓換太子)
package com.godfrey.cas; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * description : CAS問題:ABA(狸貓換太子) * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class ABADemo { // CAS compareAndSet : 比較並交換! public static void main(String[] args) { AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020); // 指望、更新 // public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update) // 若是我指望的值達到了,那麼就更新,不然,就不更新, CAS 是CPU的併發原語! // ============== 搗亂的線程 ================== System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 2021)); System.out.println(atomicInteger.get()); System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2021, 2020)); System.out.println(atomicInteger.get()); // ============== 指望的線程 ================== System.out.println(atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020, 6666)); System.out.println(atomicInteger.get()); } }
解決ABA 問題,引入原子引用! 對應的思想:樂觀鎖
帶版本號 的原子操做!
package com.godfrey.cas; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference; /** * description : 原子引用解決ABA問題 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class AtomicStampedReferenceDemo { //AtomicStampedReference 注意,若是泛型是一個包裝類,注意對象的引用問題 static AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(1, 1); public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread(() -> { int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); // 得到版本號 System.out.println("a1=>" + stamp); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 2, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1); System.out.println("a2=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp()); System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(2, 1, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1)); System.out.println("a3=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp()); }, "a").start(); // 樂觀鎖的原理相同! new Thread(() -> { int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp(); // 得到版本號 System.out.println("b1=>" + stamp); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(1, 6, stamp, stamp + 1)); System.out.println("b2=>" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp()); }, "b").start(); } }
注意:
Integer 使用了對象緩存機制,默認範圍是 -128 ~ 127 ,推薦使用靜態工廠方法 valueOf 獲取對象實例,而不是 new,由於 valueOf 使用緩存,而 new 必定會建立新的對象分配新的內存空間;
公平鎖: 很是公平, 不可以插隊,必須先來後到!
非公平鎖:很是不公平,能夠插隊 (默認都是非公平)
public ReentrantLock() { sync = new NonfairSync(); } public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) { sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync(); }
可重入鎖(遞歸鎖)
Synchronized
package com.godfrey.lock; /** * description : Synchronized * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Phone phone = new Phone(); new Thread(() -> { phone.sms(); }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { phone.sms(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone { public synchronized void sms() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "sms"); call(); // 這裏也有鎖 } public synchronized void call() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "call"); } }
Lock 版
package com.godfrey.lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * description : * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class Demo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { Phone2 phone = new Phone2(); new Thread(() -> { phone.sms(); }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { phone.sms(); }, "B").start(); } } class Phone2 { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public void sms() { lock.lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "sms"); call(); // 這裏也有鎖 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void call() { lock.lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "call"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
spinlock
咱們來自定義一個鎖測試
package com.godfrey.lock; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference; /** * description : 自旋鎖 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class SpinlockDemo { AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>(); // 加鎖 public void myLock() { Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==> mylock"); // 自旋鎖 while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null, thread)) { } } // 解鎖 public void myUnLock() { Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==> myUnlock"); atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread, null); } }
測試
package com.godfrey.lock; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 測試自定義CAS實現的自旋鎖 * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class TestSpinLock { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 底層使用的自旋鎖CAS SpinlockDemo lock = new SpinlockDemo(); new Thread(() -> { lock.myLock(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.myUnLock(); } }, "T1").start(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); new Thread(() -> { lock.myLock(); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.myUnLock(); } }, "T2").start(); } }
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死鎖是什麼
死鎖測試,怎麼排除死鎖:
package com.godfrey.lock; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * description : 死鎖Demo * * @author godfrey * @since 2020-05-16 */ public class DeadLockDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String lockA = "lockA"; String lockB = "lockB"; new Thread(new MyThread(lockA, lockB), "T1").start(); new Thread(new MyThread(lockB, lockA), "T2").start(); } } class MyThread implements Runnable { private String lockA; private String lockB; public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) { this.lockA = lockA; this.lockB = lockB; } @Override public void run() { synchronized (lockA) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "lock:" + lockA + "=>get" + lockB); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } synchronized (lockB) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "lock:" + lockB + "=>get" + lockA); } } } }
解決問題
jps -l
定位進程號jstack 進程號
找到死鎖問題代碼傳送門: