問題1:有兩個線程,子線程先執行10次,而後主線程執行5次,而後再切換到子線程執行10,再主線程執行5次……如此往返執行50次。java
Condition將Object監視器方法(wait、notify 和 notifyAll)分解成大相徑庭的對象,以便經過將這些對象與任意Lock實現組合使用,爲每一個對象提供多個等待 set(wait-set)。其中,Lock 替代了synchronized方法和語句的使用,Condition替代了Object監視器方法的使用。數組
因爲Condition能夠用來替代wait、notify等方法,因此能夠對比着以前寫過的線程間通訊的代碼來看,來實現摘要中的問題,以前用wait和notify來實現的,如今用Condition來改寫一下,代碼以下:安全
package com.jie.thread.condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 12:41 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class Business { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); //Condition是在具體的lock之上的 private boolean bShouldSub = true; public void sub(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (!bShouldSub) { try { condition.await(); //用condition來調用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) { System.out.println("sub thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = false; condition.signal(); //用condition來發出喚醒信號,喚醒某一個 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * * @author wugong * @date 2018/3/9 12:54 * @modify if true,please enter your name or update time * @param */ public void mainThreadMethod(int i) { // 鎖住當前的線程,保證屬性變量bShouldSub安全性 lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub) { try { condition.await(); //用condition來調用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 主線程執行5次 for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) { System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } // 容許喚醒子線程 bShouldSub = true; condition.signal(); //用condition來發出喚醒信號麼,喚醒某一個 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
package com.jie.thread.condition; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 12:40 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class ConditionCommunication { public static void main(String[] args) { Business bussiness = new Business(); // 開啓子線程 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { bussiness.sub(i); } } }).start(); // 主線程執行 for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { bussiness.mainThreadMethod(i); } } }
從代碼來看,Condition的使用時和Lock一塊兒的,沒有Lock就無法使用Condition,由於Condition是經過Lock來new出來的,這種用法很簡單,只要掌握了synchronized和wait、notify的使用,徹底能夠掌握Lock和Condition的使用。併發
上面使用Lock和Condition來代替synchronized和Object監視器方法實現了兩個線程之間的通訊,如今再來寫個稍微高級點應用:模擬緩衝區的阻塞隊列。
什麼叫緩衝區呢?舉個例子,如今有不少人要發消息,我是中轉站,我要幫別人把消息發出去,那麼如今我 就須要作兩件事,一件事是接收用戶發過來的消息,並按順序放到緩衝區,另外一件事是從緩衝區中按順序取出用戶發過來的消息,併發送出去。
如今把這個實際的問題抽象一下:緩衝區即一個數組,咱們能夠向數組中寫入數據,也能夠從數組中把數據取走,我要作的兩件事就是開啓兩個線程,一個存數據,一個取數據。可是問題來了,若是緩衝區滿了,說明接收的消息太多了,即發送過來的消息太快了,我另外一個線程還來不及發完,致使如今緩衝區沒地方放了,那麼此時就得阻塞存數據這個線程,讓其等待;相反,若是我轉發的太快,如今緩衝區全部內容都被我發完了,尚未用戶發新的消息來,那麼此時就得阻塞取數據這個線程。dom
好了,分析完了這個緩衝區的阻塞隊列,下面就用Condition技術來實現一下:ide
package com.jie.thread.condition.buffer; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 13:04 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class Buffer { final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //定義一個鎖 final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition(); //定義阻塞隊列滿了的Condition final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();//定義阻塞隊列空了的Condition final Object[] items = new Object[10]; //爲了下面模擬,設置阻塞隊列的大小爲10,不要設太大 int putptr, takeptr, count; //數組下標,用來標定位置的 //往隊列中存數據 public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); //上鎖 try { while (count == items.length) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 被阻塞了,暫時沒法存數據!"); notFull.await(); //若是隊列滿了,那麼阻塞存數據這個線程,等待被喚醒 } //若是沒滿,按順序往數組中存 items[putptr] = x; if (++putptr == items.length) //這是到達數組末端的判斷,若是到了,再回到始端 putptr = 0; ++count; //消息數量 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "存入:" + x+";還有:"+(10-count)+"個位置"); notEmpty.signal(); //好了,如今隊列中有數據了,喚醒隊列空的那個線程,能夠取數據啦 } finally { lock.unlock(); //放鎖 } } //從隊列中取數據 public Object take() throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); //上鎖 try { while (count == 0) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據!"); notEmpty.await(); //若是隊列是空,那麼阻塞取數據這個線程,等待被喚醒 } //若是沒空,按順序從數組中取 Object x = items[takeptr]; if (++takeptr == items.length) //判斷是否到達末端,若是到了,再回到始端 takeptr = 0; --count; //消息數量 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "取出:" + x+";還有"+(10-count)+"個位置"); notFull.signal(); //好了,如今隊列中有位置了,喚醒隊列滿的那個線程,能夠存數據啦 return x; } finally { lock.unlock(); //放鎖 } } }
這個程序很經典,我從官方JDK文檔中拿出來的,而後加了註釋。程序中定義了兩個Condition,分別針對兩個線程,等待和喚醒分別用不一樣的Condition來執行,思路很清晰,程序也很健壯。能夠考慮一個問題,爲啥要用兩個Codition呢?之因此這麼設計確定是有緣由的,若是用一個Condition,如今假設隊列滿了,可是有2個線程A和B同時存數據,那麼都進入了睡眠,好,如今另外一個線程取走一個了,而後喚醒了其中一個線程A,那麼A能夠存了,存完後,A又喚醒一個線程,若是B被喚醒了,那就出問題了,由於此時隊列是滿的,B不能存的,B存的話就會覆蓋原來還沒被取走的值,就由於使用了一個Condition,存和取都用這個Condition來睡眠和喚醒,就亂了套。到這裏,就能體會到這個Condition的用武之地了,如今來測試一下上面的阻塞隊列的效果:oop
package com.jie.thread.condition.buffer; import java.util.Random; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 13:06 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class BoundedBuffer { public static void main(String[] args) { Buffer buffer = new Buffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { //開啓5個線程往緩衝區存數據 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { buffer.put(new Random().nextInt(1000)); //隨機存數據 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { //開啓10個線程從緩衝區中取數據 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { buffer.take(); //從緩衝區取數據 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } } }
結果:測試
Thread-0存入:730;還有:9個位置 Thread-4存入:304;還有:8個位置 Thread-1存入:803;還有:7個位置 Thread-8取出:730;還有8個位置 Thread-5取出:304;還有9個位置 Thread-12取出:803;還有10個位置 Thread-9 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-13 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-3存入:351;還有:9個位置 Thread-9取出:351;還有10個位置 Thread-7 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-11 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-2存入:411;還有:9個位置 Thread-13取出:411;還有10個位置 Thread-6 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-10 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據! Thread-14 被阻塞了,暫時沒法取數據!
從結果中能夠看出,線程5和10搶先執行,發現隊列中沒有,因而就被阻塞了,睡在那了,直到隊列中有新的值存入才能夠取,可是它們兩運氣很差,存的數據又被其餘線程給搶先取走了,哈哈……能夠多運行幾回。若是想要看到存數據被阻塞,能夠將取數據的線程設置少一點,這裏我就不設了。this
題目2:有三個線程,子線程1先執行10次,而後子線程2執行10次,而後主線程執行5次,而後再切換到子線程1執行10次,子線程2執行10次,主線程執行5次……如此往返執行50次。spa
如過不用Condition,還真很差弄,可是用Condition來作的話,就很是方便了,原理很簡單,定義三個Condition,子線程1執行完喚醒子線程2,子線程2執行完喚醒主線程,主線程執行完喚醒子線程1。喚醒機制和上面那個緩衝區道理差很少,下面看看代碼吧,很容易理解。
package com.jie.thread.condition.threeBusiness; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 13:14 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class ThreeBusiness { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition(); //Condition是在具體的lock之上的 Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition(); Condition conditionMain = lock.newCondition(); private int bShouldSub = 0; public void sub1(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 0) { try { condition1.await(); //用condition來調用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) { System.out.println("sub1 thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 1; condition2.signal(); //讓線程2執行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void sub2(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 1) { try { condition2.await(); //用condition來調用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) { System.out.println("sub2 thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 2; conditionMain.signal(); //讓主線程執行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void main(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 2) { try { conditionMain.await(); //用condition來調用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) { System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 0; condition1.signal(); //讓線程1執行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
package com.jie.thread.condition.threeBusiness; /** * \* Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * \* User: wugong.jie * \* Date: 2018/3/9 13:16 * \* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. * \* Description: * \ */ public class ThreeConditionCommunication { public static void main(String[] args) { ThreeBusiness threeBusiness = new ThreeBusiness(); new Thread(new Runnable() {// 開啓一個子線程 @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { threeBusiness.sub1(i); } } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() {// 開啓另外一個子線程 @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { threeBusiness.sub2(i); } } }).start(); // main方法主線程 for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { threeBusiness.main(i); } } }