maven配置文件詳解

settings.xml

本篇文章主要對maven中setting.xml配置文件進行解釋apache

 

1.聲明規範

 

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" 
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

2.localRepository

    <!-- 本地倉庫的路徑。默認值爲 -->
    <localRepository>/opt/repository</localRepository>

3.interactiveMode

    <!--Maven是否須要和用戶交互以得到輸入。若是Maven須要和用戶交互以得到輸入,則設置成true,反之則應爲false。默認爲true。-->
    <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>

4.usePluginRegistry

    <!--Maven是否須要使用plugin-registry.xml文件來管理插件版本。若是須要讓Maven使用文件來管理插件版本,則設爲true。默認爲false。-->
    <usePluginRegistry>false</usePluginRegistry>

5.offline

    <!--表示Maven是否須要在離線模式下運行。若是構建系統須要在離線模式下運行,則爲true,默認爲false。當因爲網絡設置緣由或者安全因素,構建服務器不能鏈接遠程倉庫的時候,該配置就十分有用。 -->
    <offline>false</offline>

6.pluginGroups

    <!--當插件的組織Id(groupId)沒有顯式提供時,供搜尋插件組織Id(groupId)的列表。該元素包含一個pluginGroup元素列表,每一個子元素包含了一個組織Id(groupId)。當咱們使用某個插件,而且沒有在命令行爲其提供組織Id(groupId)的時候,Maven就會使用該列表。默認狀況下該列表包含了org.apache.maven.plugins和org.codehaus.mojo -->
    <pluginGroups>
      <!--plugin的組織Id(groupId) -->
      <pluginGroup>org.codehaus.mojo</pluginGroup>
    </pluginGroups>

7.proxies

    <!--用來配置不一樣的代理,多代理profiles 能夠應對筆記本或移動設備的工做環境:經過簡單的設置profile id就能夠很容易的更換整個代理配置。 -->
    <proxies>
      <!--代理元素包含配置代理時須要的信息-->
      <proxy>
       <!--代理的惟必定義符,用來區分不一樣的代理元素。-->
       <id>myproxy</id>
       <!--該代理是不是激活的那個。true則激活代理。當咱們聲明瞭一組代理,而某個時候只須要激活一個代理的時候,該元素就能夠派上用處。 -->
       <active>true</active>
       <!--代理的協議。 協議://主機名:端口,分隔成離散的元素以方便配置。-->
       <protocol>http</protocol>
       <!--代理的主機名。協議://主機名:端口,分隔成離散的元素以方便配置。  -->
       <host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
       <!--代理的端口。協議://主機名:端口,分隔成離散的元素以方便配置。 -->
       <port>8080</port>
       <!--代理的用戶名,用戶名和密碼錶示代理服務器認證的登陸名和密碼。 -->
       <username>proxyuser</username>
       <!--代理的密碼,用戶名和密碼錶示代理服務器認證的登陸名和密碼。 -->
       <password>somepassword</password>
       <!--不應被代理的主機名列表。該列表的分隔符由代理服務器指定;例子中使用了豎線分隔符,使用逗號分隔也很常見。-->
       <nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts>
      </proxy>
    </proxies>

8.servers

    <!--配置服務端的一些設置。一些設置如安全證書不該該和pom.xml一塊兒分發。這種類型的信息應該存在於構建服務器上的settings.xml文件中。-->
    <servers>
      <!--服務器元素包含配置服務器時須要的信息 -->
      <server>
       <!--這是server的id(注意不是用戶登錄的id),該id與distributionManagement中repository元素的id相匹配。-->
       <id>server001</id>
       <!--鑑權用戶名。鑑權用戶名和鑑權密碼錶示服務器認證所須要的登陸名和密碼。 -->
       <username>my_login</username>
       <!--鑑權密碼 。鑑權用戶名和鑑權密碼錶示服務器認證所須要的登陸名和密碼。密碼加密功能已被添加到2.1.0 +。詳情請訪問密碼加密頁面-->
       <password>my_password</password>
       <!--鑑權時使用的私鑰位置。和前兩個元素相似,私鑰位置和私鑰密碼指定了一個私鑰的路徑(默認是${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa)以及若是須要的話,一個密語。未來passphrase和password元素可能會被提取到外部,但目前它們必須在settings.xml文件以純文本的形式聲明。 -->
       <privateKey>${usr.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey>
       <!--鑑權時使用的私鑰密碼。-->
       <passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase>
       <!--文件被建立時的權限。若是在部署的時候會建立一個倉庫文件或者目錄,這時候就可使用權限(permission)。這兩個元素合法的值是一個三位數字,其對應了unix文件系統的權限,如664,或者775。 -->
       <filePermissions>664</filePermissions>
       <!--目錄被建立時的權限。 -->
       <directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions>
      </server>
    </servers>

9.mirrors

    <!--爲倉庫列表配置的下載鏡像列表。高級設置請參閱鏡像設置頁面 -->
    <mirrors>
      <!--給定倉庫的下載鏡像。 -->
      <mirror>
       <!--該鏡像的惟一標識符。id用來區分不一樣的mirror元素。 -->
       <id>planetmirror.com</id>
       <!--鏡像名稱 -->
       <name>PlanetMirror Australia</name>
       <!--該鏡像的URL。構建系統會優先考慮使用該URL,而非使用默認的服務器URL。 -->
       <url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url>
       <!--被鏡像的服務器的id。例如,若是咱們要設置了一個Maven中央倉庫(http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/)的鏡像,就須要將該元素設置成central。這必須和中央倉庫的id central徹底一致。-->
       <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      </mirror>
    </mirrors>

10.profiles

    <!--根據環境參數來調整構建配置的列表。settings.xml中的profile元素是pom.xml中profile元素的裁剪版本。它包含了id,activation, repositories, pluginRepositories和 properties元素。這裏的profile元素只包含這五個子元素是由於這裏只關心構建系統這個總體(這正是settings.xml文件的角色定位),而非單獨的項目對象模型設置。若是一個settings中的profile被激活,它的值會覆蓋任何其它定義在POM中或者profile.xml中的帶有相同id的profile。 -->
    <profiles>
      <!--根據環境參數來調整的構件的配置-->
      <profile>
       <!--該配置的惟一標識符。 -->
       <id>test</id>

11.Activation

    <!--自動觸發profile的條件邏輯。Activation是profile的開啓鑰匙。如POM中的profile同樣,profile的力量來自於它可以在某些特定的環境中自動使用某些特定的值;這些環境經過activation元素指定。activation元素並非激活profile的惟一方式。settings.xml文件中的activeProfile元素能夠包含profile的id。profile也能夠經過在命令行,使用-P標記和逗號分隔的列表來顯式的激活(如,-P test)。-->
       <activation>
    <!--profile默認是否激活的標識-->
        <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
    <!--當匹配的jdk被檢測到,profile被激活。例如,1.4激活JDK1.4,1.4.0_2,而!1.4激活全部版本不是以1.4開頭的JDK。-->
        <jdk>1.5</jdk>
    <!--當匹配的操做系統屬性被檢測到,profile被激活。os元素能夠定義一些操做系統相關的屬性。-->
        <os>
    <!--激活profile的操做系統的名字 -->
         <name>Windows XP</name>
    <!--激活profile的操做系統所屬家族(如 'windows')  -->
         <family>Windows</family>
    <!--激活profile的操做系統體系結構  -->
         <arch>x86</arch>
    <!--激活profile的操做系統版本-->
         <version>5.1.2600</version>
        </os>
    <!--若是Maven檢測到某一個屬性(其值能夠在POM中經過${name}引用),其擁有對應的name = 值,Profile就會被激活。若是值字段是空的,那麼存在屬性名稱字段就會激活profile,不然按區分大小寫方式匹配屬性值字段-->
        <property>
    <!--激活profile的屬性的名稱-->
         <name>mavenVersion</name>
    <!--激活profile的屬性的值 -->
         <value>2.0.3</value>
        </property>
    <!--提供一個文件名,經過檢測該文件的存在或不存在來激活profile。missing檢查文件是否存在,若是不存在則激活profile。另外一方面,exists則會檢查文件是否存在,若是存在則激活profile。-->
        <file>
    <!--若是指定的文件存在,則激活profile。 -->
         <exists>${basedir}/file2.properties</exists>
    <!--若是指定的文件不存在,則激活profile。-->
         <missing>${basedir}/file1.properties</missing>
        </file>
       </activation>

12.Repositories

    <repository> 
               <id>nexus</id> 
               <name>local private nexus</name> 
               <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public</url> 
               <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
       </repository>
    </repositories>
    <!--遠程倉庫列表,它是Maven用來填充構建系統本地倉庫所使用的一組遠程項目。 -->
    <repositories>
    <!--包含須要鏈接到遠程倉庫的信息 -->
        <repository>
    <!--遠程倉庫惟一標識-->
         <id>codehausSnapshots</id>
    <!--遠程倉庫名稱 -->
         <name>Codehaus Snapshots</name>
    <!--如何處理遠程倉庫裏發佈版本的下載-->
         <releases>
    <!--true或者false表示該倉庫是否爲下載某種類型構件(發佈版,快照版)開啓。  -->
          <enabled>false</enabled>
    <!--該元素指定更新發生的頻率。Maven會比較本地POM和遠程POM的時間戳。這裏的選項是:always(一直),daily(默認,每日),interval:X(這裏X是以分鐘爲單位的時間間隔),或者never(從不)。 -->
          <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
    <!--當Maven驗證構件校驗文件失敗時該怎麼作-ignore(忽略),fail(失敗),或者warn(警告)。-->
          <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
         </releases>
    <!--如何處理遠程倉庫裏快照版本的下載。有了releases和snapshots這兩組配置,POM就能夠在每一個單獨的倉庫中,爲每種類型的構件採起不一樣的策略。例如,可能有人會決定只爲開發目的開啓對快照版本下載的支持。參見repositories/repository/releases元素-->
         <snapshots>
          <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/>
         </snapshots>
    <!--遠程倉庫URL,按protocol://hostname/path形式 -->
         <url>http://snapshots.maven.codehaus.org/maven2</url>
    <!--用於定位和排序構件的倉庫佈局類型-能夠是default(默認)或者legacy(遺留)。Maven 2爲其倉庫提供了一個默認的佈局;然而,Maven 1.x有一種不一樣的佈局。咱們可使用該元素指定佈局是default(默認)仍是legacy(遺留)。 -->
         <layout>default</layout>
        </repository>
       </repositories>
    <!--發現插件的遠程倉庫列表。倉庫是兩種主要構件的家。第一種構件被用做其它構件的依賴。這是中央倉庫中存儲的大部分構件類型。另一種構件類型是插件。Maven插件是一種特殊類型的構件。因爲這個緣由,插件倉庫獨立於其它倉庫。pluginRepositories元素的結構和repositories元素的結構相似。每一個pluginRepository元素指定一個Maven能夠用來尋找新插件的遠程地址。-->
       <pluginRepositories>
     <!--包含須要鏈接到遠程插件倉庫的信息.參見profiles/profile/repositories/repository元素的說明-->
              <pluginRepository>           
         <releases>      
          <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/>
         </releases>
         <snapshots>
          <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/>
         </snapshots>
         <id/><name/><url/><layout/>
              </pluginRepository>
            </pluginRepositories>
      </profile>
     </profiles>

13.activeProfiles

    默認配置:
    <activeProfiles> 
        <activeProfile>dev</activeProfile> 
        <!--    <activeProfile>devitcast</activeProfile>-->
    </activeProfiles>
    配置解釋:
    <!--手動激活profiles的列表,按照profile被應用的順序定義activeProfile。 該元素包含了一組activeProfile元素,每一個activeProfile都含有一個profile id。任何在activeProfile中定義的profile id,不論環境設置如何,其對應的profile都會被激活。若是沒有匹配的profile,則什麼都不會發生。例如,env-test是一個activeProfile,則在pom.xml(或者profile.xml)中對應id的profile會被激活。若是運行過程當中找不到這樣一個profile,Maven則會像往常同樣運行 -->
     <activeProfiles>
        <!-- -->
        <activeProfile>env-test</activeProfile>
     </activeProfiles>
    </settings>

配置示例:windows

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->

  <localRepository>/opt/repository/maven</localRepository>
  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->

    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
 <server>
        <id>nexus</id>
        <username>admin</username>
        <password>admin123</password>
    </server>
    <server>
        <id>releases</id>
        <username>admin</username>
        <password>anonymous123</password>
    </server>
    <server>
        <id>snapshots</id>
        <username>admin</username>
        <password>anonymous123</password>
    </server>
        <server>
            <id>thirdparty</id>
            <username>admin</username>
            <password>anonymous123</password>
        </server>
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
        <mirror>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <name>internal nexus repository</name>
            <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/repository/maven-public/</url> 
            <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf> 
        </mirror> 
  </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
<profile> 
<id>apatch</id> 
<repositories> 
<repository> 
<id>re-apatch</id> 
<name>remote apatch</name> 
<url>http://inno.starhubdev.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled> 
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories> 
</profile> 
<profile> 
<id>ibiblio</id> 
<repositories> 
<repository> 
<id>re-ibiblio</id> 
<name>remote ibiblio</name> 
<url>https://nexus.sourcesense.com/nexus/content/repositories/public/</url> 
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository> 
</repositories> 
</profile> 
<profile> 
<id>redev</id> 
<repositories> 
<repository> 
<id>re-nexus</id> 
<name>remote nexus</name> 
<url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url> 
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository> 
</repositories> 
</profile> 
<profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <repositories>
                <repository>
                    <id>nexus</id>
                    <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
                    <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                    <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
                </repository>
            </repositories>
            <pluginRepositories>
                <pluginRepository>
                    <id>nexus</id>
                    <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
                    <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                    <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
                </pluginRepository>
            </pluginRepositories>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>
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