Spring事務配置的五種方式
前段時間對Spring的事務配置作了比較深刻的研究，在此之間對Spring的事務配置雖然說也配置過，可是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。經過此次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，仍是比較好掌握的。
總結以下：
Spring配置文件中關於事務配置老是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，不管哪一種配置方式，通常變化的只是代理機制這部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，好比使用Hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際爲SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現爲 HibernateTransactionManager。
具體以下圖：
根據代理機制的不一樣，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件以下：
第一種方式：每一個Bean都有一個代理
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
第二種方式：全部Bean共享一個代理基類
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionBase"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionBase"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
第三種方式：使用攔截器
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
< property name ="beanNames" >
< list >
< value > *Dao </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
< property name ="beanNames" >
< list >
< value > *Dao </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >
第五種方式：全註解
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，以下：
package
com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List < User > listUsers() {
return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
}
}
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List < User > listUsers() {
return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
}
}
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