git分支掛起方法

軟件開發中,bug就像屢見不鮮同樣。有了bug就須要修復,在Git中,因爲分支是如此的強大,因此,每一個bug均可以經過一個新的臨時分支來修復,修復後,合併分支,而後將臨時分支刪除。git

當你接到一個修復一個代號101的bug的任務時,很天然地,你想建立一個分支issue-101來修復它,可是,等等,當前正在dev上進行的工做尚未提交:app

$ git status
# On branch dev
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   hello.py
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#       modified:   readme.txt
#
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並非你不想提交,而是工做只進行到一半,還無法提交,預計完成還需1天時間。可是,必須在兩個小時內修復該bug,怎麼辦?spa

幸虧,Git還提供了一個stash功能,能夠把當前工做現場「儲藏」起來,等之後恢復現場後繼續工做:code

$ git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge
HEAD is now at 6224937 add merge
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如今,用git status查看工做區,就是乾淨的(除非有沒有被Git管理的文件),所以能夠放心地建立分支來修復bug。開發

首先肯定要在哪一個分支上修復bug,假定須要在master分支上修復,就從master建立臨時分支:get

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
$ git checkout -b issue-101
Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'
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如今修復bug,須要把「Git is free software …」改成「Git is a free software …」,而後提交:it

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "fix bug 101"
[issue-101 cc17032] fix bug 101
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
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修復完成後,切換到master分支,並完成合並,最後刪除issue-101分支:io

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
$ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 readme.txt |    2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
$ git branch -d issue-101
Deleted branch issue-101 (was cc17032).
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太棒了,原計劃兩個小時的bug修復只花了5分鐘!如今,是時候接着回到dev分支幹活了!ast

$ git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
$ git status
# On branch dev
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
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工做區是乾淨的,剛纔的工做現場存到哪去了?用git stash list命令看看:軟件

$ git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge
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工做現場還在,Git把stash內容存在某個地方了,可是須要恢復一下,有兩個辦法:

一是用git stash apply恢復,可是恢復後,stash內容並不刪除,你須要用git stash drop來刪除;

另外一種方式是用git stash pop,恢復的同時把stash內容也刪了:

$ git stash pop
# On branch dev
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   hello.py
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#       modified:   readme.txt
#
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (f624f8e5f082f2df2bed8a4e09c12fd2943bdd40)
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再用git stash list查看,就看不到任何stash內容了:

$ git stash list
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你能夠屢次stash,恢復的時候,先用git stash list查看,而後恢復指定的stash,用命令:

$ git stash apply stash@{0}
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小結

修復bug時,咱們會經過建立新的bug分支進行修復,而後合併,最後刪除;

當手頭工做沒有完成時,先把工做現場git stash一下,而後去修復bug,修復後,再git stash pop,回到工做現場。

原文出處: 
http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/00137602359178794d966923e5c4134bc8bf98dfb03aea3000

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