安裝python3.6並使用virtualenvwrapper管理虛環境

一、安裝python3.6.5依賴環境

注：python3.7.4須要安裝：yum install libffi-devel -y 

yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel -y
cd /usr/local/src

二、下載並安裝python3.6.5

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
tar -xzf Python-3.6.5.tgz
cd Python-3.6.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make altinstall

三、建立python3軟鏈

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bk
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

四、解決yum不可用問題

vi /usr/bin/yum
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

將首行python改成python2.7

五、更換pip源

mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip
vim pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

以下也行

[global]
timeout = 10 
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
extra-index-url= http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ 
[install]
trusted-host= 
mirrors.aliyun.com
pypi.douban.com

國內鏡像彙總

http://pypi.douban.com/         豆瓣 
http://pypi.hustunique.com/         華中理工大學 
http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/         山東理工大學 
http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/         中國科學技術大學 
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/         阿里雲 
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/         清華大學

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六、pip升級及安裝virtualenvwrapper

pip install --upgrade pip
pip install virtualenvwrapper
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/

七、使用非root用戶添加啓動腳本

vim ~/.bashrc
末尾加入

if [ `id -u` != '0' ]; then

  export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=1        # <-- Always use pip/distribute
  export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs       # <-- Where all virtualenvs will be stored
  source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
  export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
  export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true

fi

八、virtualenvwrapper使用

建立並進入env環境
mkvirtualenv -p python3 env36
mkvirtualenv -p python2 env27

退出env
deactivate

進入env
workon env36/env27

刪除env
rmvirtualenv env27