使用virtualenvwrapper模塊管理python虛擬環境

時間  2020-06-09
標籤 使用 virtualenvwrapper 模塊 管理 python 虛擬環境 欄目 Python 简体版
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1.pip安裝virtualenvwrapper

[root@localhost ~]# pip install virtualenvwrapper				# 安裝virtualenvwrapper
[root@localhost ~]# pip list | grep virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper (4.8.2)

2.配置環境變量

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name virtualenvwrapper.sh			# 查找virtualenvwrapper.sh全部的目錄
/usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir .virtualenvs							# 建立虛擬環境的存放目錄
[root@localhost ~]# vi .bashrc 									# 編輯家目錄下的.bashrc文件，在文件末尾添加下面的兩行內容

	export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
	source /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

[root@localhost ~]# source .bashrc					# 從新加載.bashrc文件，使配置當即生效
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/get_env_details

3.使用 mkvirtualenv 命令建立虛擬環境

[root@localhost bin]# mkvirtualenv env27			# 建立env27虛擬環境，建立完成後切換到env27虛擬環境
New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/python2
Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env27/bin/get_env_details
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# pip list				# 列出env27虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        10.0.1 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# python				# 進入env27虛擬環境的python解釋器
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr 11 2018, 07:36:10) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django==1.11.6		# 在env27虛擬環境中安裝1.11.6版本的Django
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting django==1.11.6
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/82/33/f9d2871f3aed5062661711bf91b3ebb03daa52cc0e1c37925f3e0c4508c5/Django-1.11.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.9MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.0MB 468kB/s 
Collecting pytz (from django==1.11.6)
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/30/4e/27c34b62430286c6d59177a0842ed90dc789ce5d1ed740887653b898779a/pytz-2018.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 521kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
Successfully installed django-1.11.6 pytz-2018.5
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# pip list				# 列出env27虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     1.11.6 
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# pip list | grep Django
Django     1.11.6 
(env27) [root@localhost bin]# deactivate			# 退出env27虛擬環境

4.安裝指定python版本的虛擬環境

[root@localhost ~]# mkvirtualenv env36 -p /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6		# 指定python解釋器路徑建立env36虛擬環境
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6
Using base prefix '/usr/local/python3'
New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/env36/bin/get_env_details
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# python							# 打開env36虛擬環境中的python解釋器
Python 3.6.5rc1 (default, Jul 12 2018, 22:57:46) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# pip list				# 列出env36虛擬環境下安裝的全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        10.0.1 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django		# 在env36虛擬環境中安裝最新版本的Django:2.0.7
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting django
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/ab/15/cfde97943f0db45e4f999c60b696fbb4df59e82bbccc686770f4e44c9094/Django-2.0.7-py3-none-any.whl (7.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.1MB 472kB/s 
Collecting pytz (from django)
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/30/4e/27c34b62430286c6d59177a0842ed90dc789ce5d1ed740887653b898779a/pytz-2018.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 622kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pytz, django
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# pip list				# 列出env36虛擬環境下安裝的全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     2.0.7  
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1

也能夠使用 --python 指定python解釋器的方式建立虛擬環境,完整命令以下：python

mkvirtualenv env36 --python /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6

5.使用 lsvirtualenv 命令列出全部虛擬環境

(env36) [root@localhost ~]# lsvirtualenv -b		# 以簡短方式列出當前系統中全部的虛擬環境
env27
env36
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# lsvirtualenv -l		# 以長格式方式列出當前系統中全部的虛擬環境
env27
=====


env36
=====


(env36) [root@localhost ~]# lsvirtualenv -h		# 顯示當前命令的幫助信息
lsvirtualenv [-blh]
  -b -- brief mode
  -l -- long mode
  -h -- this help message

6.使用 workon 命令切換虛擬環境

(env36) [root@localhost ~]# deactivate			# 退出env36虛擬環境
[root@localhost ~]# workon env27				# 進入env27虛擬環境
(env27) [root@localhost ~]# pip list				# 列出env27虛擬環境下安裝的全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     1.11.6 
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 39.1.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env27) [root@localhost ~]# workon env36			# 進入env36虛擬環境
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# pip list				# 列出env36虛擬環境下安裝的全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     2.0.7  
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env36) [root@localhost ~]#

7.使用 deactivate 命令註銷當前虛擬環境

(env36) [root@localhost ~]# deactivate			# 退出env36虛擬環境
[root@localhost ~]# workon env27				# 進入env27虛擬環境
(env27) [root@localhost ~]# python				# 打開env27虛擬環境的python解釋器
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env27) [root@localhost ~]# deactivate			# 退出env27虛擬環境
[root@localhost ~]#

8.使用 cpvirtualenv 命令複製虛擬環境

[root@localhost ~]# workon env36				# 進入env36虛擬環境
(env36) [root@localhost ~]# cpvirtualenv env36 env36_bak	# 複製env36虛擬環境爲env36_bak
Copying env36 as env36_bak...
(env36_bak) [root@localhost ~]# python				# 打開env36_bak虛擬環境的python解釋器
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) 		# python解釋器爲2.7.5版本
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env36_bak) [root@localhost ~]# pip list				# 列出env36_bak虛擬環境下安裝的全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     2.0.7  
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env36_bak) [root@localhost ~]# cpvirtualenv env27 env27_bak	# 複製env27虛擬環境爲env27_bak
Copying env27 as env27_bak...
(env27_bak) [root@localhost ~]# python				# 打開env27_bak虛擬環境的python解釋器
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env27_bak) [root@localhost ~]#

在上面的命令結果裏，使用cpvirtualenv命令複製獲得新的虛擬環境env36_bak,python解釋器版本爲python2.7.5,是CentOS7系統內置的python版本react

可是使用pip list命令列出env36_bak虛擬環境裏安裝的Django是2.0.7版本的，這是env36虛擬環境裏安裝的Django版本。linux

經過查閱官方文檔，官方文檔上指明瞭cpvirtualenv命令不完美，使用cpvirtualenv命令須要注意django

9.使用 cdsitepackages 命令進入到當前環境的site-packages目錄

使用lssitepackages命令列出當前環境中site-packages內容bash

(env27_bak) [root@localhost ~]# cdsitepackages					# 進入到env27_bak虛擬環境的site-packages目錄
(env27_bak) [root@localhost site-packages]# lssitepackages		# 列出env27_bak虛擬環境中site-packages內容
easy_install.py   pip                   pkg_resources  setuptools-40.0.0.dist-info  wheel-0.31.1.dist-info
easy_install.pyc  pip-10.0.1.dist-info  setuptools     wheel
(env27_bak) [root@localhost site-packages]# workon env36		# 切換到env36虛擬環境
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# cdsitepackages			# 進入env36虛擬環境的site-packages目錄
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# lssitepackages			# 列出env36虛擬環境中site-packages內容
django                  pip-10.0.1.dist-info  pytz-2018.5.dist-info        wheel-0.31.1.dist-info
Django-2.0.7.dist-info  pkg_resources         setuptools
easy_install.py         __pycache__           setuptools-40.0.0.dist-info
pip                     pytz                  wheel
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# python					# 打開env36虛擬環境的python解釋器
Python 3.6.5rc1 (default, Jul 12 2018, 22:57:46) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]#

10.使用 rmvirtualenv 命令刪除環境

(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# lsvirtualenv -b			# 列出當前系統中全部的虛擬環境
env27_bak
env27
env36_bak
env36
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# rmvirtualenv env36_bak		# 刪除env36_bak虛擬環境
Removing env36_bak...
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# rmvirtualenv env27_bak		# 刪除env27_bak虛擬環境
Removing env27_bak...
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# lsvirtualenv -b				# 列出當前系統中全部的虛擬環境
env27
env36
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]#

11.使用 wipeenv 命令卸載虛擬環境內全部第三方包

(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# pip list				# 列出env36虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     2.0.7  
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# wipeenv					# 卸載env36虛擬環境內全部第三方包
Uninstalling packages:
Django==2.0.7
pytz==2018.5

Uninstalling Django-2.0.7:
  Successfully uninstalled Django-2.0.7
Uninstalling pytz-2018.5:
  Successfully uninstalled pytz-2018.5
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# pip list				# 列出env36虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        10.0.1 
setuptools 40.0.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# lsvirtualenv -b			# 列出當前系統中全部的虛擬環境
env27
env36
(env36) [root@localhost site-packages]# workon env27			# 切換到env27虛擬環境
(env27) [root@localhost site-packages]# pip list				# 列出env27虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     1.11.6 
pip        10.0.1 
pytz       2018.5 
setuptools 39.1.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env27) [root@localhost site-packages]# wipeenv					# 卸載env27虛擬環境內全部第三方包
Uninstalling packages:
Django==1.11.6
pytz==2018.5

Uninstalling pytz-2018.5:
  Successfully uninstalled pytz-2018.5
Uninstalling Django-1.11.6:
  Successfully uninstalled Django-1.11.6
(env27) [root@localhost site-packages]# pip list				# 列出env27虛擬環境下全部模塊
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        10.0.1 
setuptools 39.1.0 
wheel      0.31.1 
(env27) [root@localhost site-packages]# deactivate			# 退出env27虛擬環境
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