python調用zabbix api接口實時展現數據

python調用zabbix api接口實時展現數據

關於API

zabbix擁有完善的API，基於JSON RPC提供資產，主機，主機組，監控項，告警等方面的接口。在作運維自動化時，須要用API功能對zabbix二次開發。本文我將介紹如何用python信使用zabbix的API。

API介紹：

API地址：http://你的zabbix域名/api_jsonrpc.php
API請求方法，採用POST
API請求數據結構
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0", // 版本
"method": "user.login", // 接口方法名
"params": {
//接口參數
},
"auth": "", // 登陸後的session，未登陸爲空
"id": 1 // 任意數
}

API經常使用的接口

user.login ，用戶登陸
host.get（create|delete|update），主機操做
hostgroup.get（create|delete|update），主機組操做
item.getcreate|delete|update），監控項目操做
history.get，歷史數據查詢
event.get，事件查詢
trigger.get ，觸發器查詢

近日公司準備自已作一個運維管理平臺，其中的監控部分，打算調用zabbix api接口來進行展現。

通過思考以後，計劃獲取以下內容：

一、 得到認證密鑰

二、 獲取zabbix全部的主機組

三、 獲取單個組下的全部主機

四、 獲取某個主機下的全部監控項

五、 獲取某個監控項的歷史數據

六、 獲取某個監控項的最新數據
計劃最後展現框架以下內容（這只是值方面，其它的會再加）：

主機組1 ----主機名1---監控項1----當前值

---監控項2----當前值

----主機名2----監控項1----當前值

----監控項2----當前值

主機組2 ----主機名3---監控項1----當前值

---監控項2----當前值

----主機名4----監控項1----當前值

----監控項2----當前值

進入正題

user.login方法獲取zabbix server的認證結果
官方地址：```
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/user/login

python腳本：

[root@yang python]# cat auth.py #!/usr/bin/env python2.7 #coding=utf-8 import json import urllib2 # based url and required header url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"} # auth user and password data = json.dumps( { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "user.login", "params": { "user": "Admin", "password": "zabbix" }, "id": 0 }) # create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header: request.add_header(key,header[key]) # auth and get authid try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name AndPassword:",e.code else: response = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() print"Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is:",response['result']

python腳本運行結果：

[root@yang python]# python auth.py Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is: a0b82aae0842c2041386a61945af1180

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method":"user.login","params":{"user":"admin","password":"zabbix"},"auth": null,"id":0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令運行結果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"b895ce91ba84fe247e444817c6773cc3","id":0}

1. hostgroup.get方法獲取全部主機組ID

把認證密鑰放到腳本中，每次獲取數據時都須要認證。此處是獲取zabbix server上的全部主機組名稱與ID號。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/hostgroup/get

python腳本：

[root@yang python]# catget_hostgroup_list.py !/usr/bin/env python2.7 coding=utf-8 import json import urllib2 based url and required header url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"} request json data = json.dumps( { "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"hostgroup.get", "params":{ "output":["groupid","name"], }, "auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string "id":1, }) create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header: request.add_header(key,header[key]) get host list try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'): print 'We failed to reach a server.' print 'Reason: ', e.reason elif hasattr(e, 'code'): print 'The server could not fulfill the request.' print 'Error code: ', e.code else: response = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result']) #print response for group in response['result']: print "Group ID:",group['groupid'],"\tGroupName:",group['name']

python腳本執行結果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_hostgroup_list.py Number Of Hosts: 12 Group ID: 11 Group Name: DB Schedule Group ID: 14 Group Name: DG-WY-KD-Server Group ID: 5 Group Name: Discovered hosts Group ID: 7 Group Name: Hypervisors Group ID: 2 Group Name: Linux servers Group ID: 8 Group Name: monitored_linux Group ID: 9 Group Name: qsmind Group ID: 12 Group Name: qssec Group ID: 13 Group Name: switch Group ID: 1 Group Name: Templates Group ID: 6 Group Name: Virtual machines Group ID: 4 Group Name: Zabbix servers

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method":"hostgroup.get","params":{"output":["groupid","name"]},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl執行結果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"groupid":"11","name":"DBSchedule"},{"groupid":"14","name":"DG-WY-KD-Server"},{"groupid":"5","name":"Discoveredhosts"},{"groupid":"7","name":"Hypervisors"},{"groupid":"2","name":"Linuxservers"},{"groupid":"8","name":"monitored_linux"},{"groupid":"9","name":"qsmind"},{"groupid":"12","name":"qssec"},{"groupid":"13","name":"switch"},{"groupid":"1","name":"Templates"},{"groupid":"6","name":"Virtualmachines"},{"groupid":"4","name":"Zabbixservers"}],"id":0}

1. host.get方法獲取單個主機組下全部的主機ID。

根據標題2中獲取到的主機組id，把主機組id填入到下邊腳本中，就能夠得到該主機組下全部的主機id。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/host/get

python腳本：

[root@yang python]# cat get_group_one.py #!/usr/bin/env python2.7 #coding=utf-8 import json import urllib2 # based url and required header url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"} # request json data = json.dumps( { "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"host.get", "params":{ "output":["hostid","name"], "groupids":"14", }, "auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string "id":1, }) # create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header: request.add_header(key,header[key]) # get host list try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'): print 'We failed to reach a server.' print 'Reason: ', e.reason elif hasattr(e, 'code'): print 'The server could not fulfill the request.' print 'Error code: ', e.code else: response = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result']) for host in response['result']: print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python腳本執行結果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_group_one.py  Number Of Hosts: 4 Host ID: 10146 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-00 Host ID: 10147 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-01 Host ID: 10148 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-02 Host ID: 10149 Host Name: DG-WY-KD-3F3B-03

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"host.get","params":{"output":["hostid","name"],"groupids":"14"},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令執行結果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"hostid":"10146","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-00"},{"hostid":"10147","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-01"},{"hostid":"10148","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-02"},{"hostid":"10149","name":"DG-WY-KD-3F3B-03"}],"id":0}

itemsid.get方法獲取單個主機下全部的監控項ID
根據標題3中獲取到的全部主機id與名稱，找到你想要獲取的主機id，獲取它下面的全部items。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/item

python腳本：

[root@yang python]# cat get_items.py #!/usr/bin/env python2.7 #coding=utf-8 import json import urllib2 # based url and required header url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"} # request json data = json.dumps( { "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"item.get", "params":{ "output":["itemids","key_"], "hostids":"10146", }, "auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string "id":1, }) # create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header: request.add_header(key,header[key]) # get host list try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'): print 'We failed to reach a server.' print 'Reason: ', e.reason elif hasattr(e, 'code'): print 'The server could not fulfill the request.' print 'Error code: ', e.code else: response = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result']) for host in response['result']: print host #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python腳本運行結果：

[root@yang python]# python get_items.py Number Of Hosts: 54 {u'itemid': u'24986', u'key_':u'agent.hostname'} {u'itemid': u'24987', u'key_':u'agent.ping'} {u'itemid': u'24988', u'key_':u'agent.version'} {u'itemid': u'24989', u'key_':u'kernel.maxfiles'} {u'itemid': u'24990', u'key_':u'kernel.maxproc'} {u'itemid': u'25157', u'key_':u'net.if.in[eth0]'} {u'itemid': u'25158', u'key_':u'net.if.in[eth1]'} … …

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"item.get","params":{"output":"itemids","hostids":"10146","search":{"key_":"net.if.out[eth2]"}},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php #此處加上了單個key的名稱

curl命令執行結果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"itemid":"25154"}],"id":0}

history.get方法獲取單個監控項的歷史數據
根據第4項的獲取到的全部items id的值，找到想要監控的那項，獲取它的歷史數據。

官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.2/manual/api/reference/history/get

python腳本：

[root@yang python]# catget_items_history.py #!/usr/bin/env python2.7 #coding=utf-8 import json import urllib2 # based url and required header url = "http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"} # request json data = json.dumps( { "jsonrpc":"2.0", "method":"history.get", "params":{ "output":"extend", "history":3, "itemids":"25159", "limit":10 }, "auth":"3c0e88885a8cf8af9502b5c850b992bd", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string "id":1, }) # create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header: request.add_header(key,header[key]) # get host list try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'): print 'We failed to reach a server.' print 'Reason: ', e.reason elif hasattr(e, 'code'): print 'The server could not fulfill the request.' print 'Error code: ', e.code else: response = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result']) for host in response['result']: print host #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

python腳本執行結果：

[root@yang python]# pythonget_items_history.py Number Of Hosts: 10 {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'420722133',u'value': u'3008', u'clock': u'1410744079'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'480606614',u'value': u'5720', u'clock': u'1410744139'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'40905600',u'value': u'6144', u'clock': u'1410744200'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'175337062',u'value': u'2960', u'clock': u'1410744259'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'202705084',u'value': u'3032', u'clock': u'1410744319'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'263158421',u'value': u'2864', u'clock': u'1410744379'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'702285081',u'value': u'7600', u'clock': u'1410744439'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'231191890',u'value': u'3864', u'clock': u'1410744499'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'468566742',u'value': u'3112', u'clock': u'1410744559'} {u'itemid': u'25159', u'ns': u'421679098',u'value': u'2952', u'clock': u'1410744619'}

curl命令：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"history.get","params":{"history":3,"itemids":"25154","output":"extend","limit":10},"auth":"11d2b45415d5de6770ce196879dbfcf1","id": 0}' http://1.1.1.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php

curl命令運行結果：

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744134","value":"4840","ns":"375754276"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744314","value":"5408","ns":"839852515"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744374","value":"7040","ns":"964558609"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744554","value":"4072","ns":"943177771"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744614","value":"8696","ns":"995289716"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744674","value":"6144","ns":"992462863"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744734","value":"6472","ns":"152634327"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744794","value":"4312","ns":"479599424"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744854","value":"4456","ns":"263314898"},{"itemid":"25154","clock":"1410744914","value":"8656","ns":"840460009"}],"id":0}

history.get方法獲取單個監控項最後的值
只需把上個腳本中或curl中的limit參數改成1就可。

此時監控項的數據已拿到了，接下來的把它傳給前臺展現就好了。

 

引用：https://blog.51cto.com/13858192/2316853?source=dra