關於python調用zabbix api接口

因公司業務須要，引進了自動化運維，所用到的監控平臺爲zbbix3.2，最近正在學習python，計劃使用python調用zabbix api接口去作些事情，如生成報表，我想最基本的是要取得zabbix中的數據，這是第一步，今天先體驗了一把，已經成功獲取獲得部分數據，因此記錄下來。

操做系統：win10

zabbix版本：3.2

python版本：2.7.14

IDE：PyCharm 2017.2.3

         Build #PY-172.3968.37, built on September 1, 2017
         Licensed to smile

         JRE: 1.8.0_152-release-915-b11 amd64
         JVM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o

 

1. user.login方法獲取zabbix server的認證密鑰。官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/user/login

python實現方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# auth user and password
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "method": "user.login",
   "params": {
   "user": "Admin",
   "password": "zabbix"
},
"id": 0
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# auth and get authid
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name AndPassword:",e.reason
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print"Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is:",response['result']

 輸出結果：

 

2.hostgroup.get方法獲取全部主機組ID。把第一步得到的認證密鑰填寫到「auth」中，每次獲取數據時都須要認證。此處是獲取zabbix server上的全部主機組名稱與ID號。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/hostgroup/get

python實現方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"hostgroup.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["groupid","name"],
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   #print response
   for group in response['result']:
       print "Group ID:",group['groupid'],"\tGroupName:",group['name']

 輸出結果：

 

3.host.get方法獲取單個主機組下全部的主機ID。把第二點中獲取到的主機組id，填入到下面代碼「groupids」中，便可得到該主機組下全部的主機id。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/host/get

python實現方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"host.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["hostid","name"],
       "groupids":"8",
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

 輸出結果：

 

4.itemsid.get方法獲取單個主機下全部的監控項ID。根據第三點中獲取到的全部主機id與名稱，找到你想要獲取的主機id，填寫到下面代碼「hostids」中，獲取它下面的全部監控項。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/item/get

python實現方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"item.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["itemids","key_"],
       "hostids":"10123",
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print host
       #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

輸出結果：

 

5.history.get方法獲取單個監控項的歷史數據。根據第4點獲取到的全部items id的值，找到想要監控的那項，填寫到下面代碼「itemids」中，獲取它的歷史數據。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/history/get

python實現方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"history.get",
   "params":{
       "output":"extend",
       "history":3,
       "itemids":"27019",
       "limit":10
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print host
       #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

輸出結果：