SpringBoot源碼解析-內嵌Tomcat容器的啓動

tomcat使用簡單示範

簡單回顧下內嵌tomcat使用,新建一個maven項目,導入以下依賴java

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
      <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
      <version>9.0.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>tomcat-annotations-api</artifactId>
          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
      <artifactId>tomcat-embed-el</artifactId>
      <version>9.0.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
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新建一個servlet類,實現對應的方法。web

public class HomeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("request scheme: " + req.getScheme());
        resp.getWriter().print("hello tomcat");
    }

}

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在main函數中添加以下代碼spring

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        //設置路徑
        tomcat.setBaseDir("d:tomcat/dir");
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);

        Connector connector = new Connector();
        //設置端口
        connector.setPort(10086);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);

        Context context = new StandardContext();
        //設置context路徑
        context.setPath("");
        context.addLifecycleListener(new Tomcat.FixContextListener());
        tomcat.getHost().addChild(context);

        //添加servlet
        tomcat.addServlet("", "homeServlet", new HomeServlet());
        //設置servlet路徑
        context.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "homeServlet");

        tomcat.start();
        tomcat.getServer().await();
    }
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這樣的話一個簡單的tomcat服務器就啓動了,打開瀏覽器輸入localhost:10086,就能夠看到servlet中的返回值。apache

springboot中tomcat容器的啓動

還記得前兩節講到springboot自動化配置裏面的配置文件麼,配置文件中有一個類,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration ,進入這個類。api

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
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發現上面有一個import註解,進入import註解導入的類瀏覽器

@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

		@Bean
		public TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory() {
			return new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
		}

	}
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根據上一節學習的判斷條件能夠知道,import註解向spring容器中注入了一個TomcatServletWebServerFactory類,這個類咱們先標記着。tomcat

回到main函數中,順着SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);方法進入AbstractApplicationContext的refresh方法springboot

// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
	onRefresh();
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在onRefresh方法上發現一行註釋,在子類方法中初始化特殊的bean。tomcat容器應該算是一個特殊的bean了,因此咱們進入子類的onRefresh方法。在子類ServletWebServerApplicationContext發現了這樣的代碼。bash

@Override
	protected void onRefresh() {
		super.onRefresh();
		try {
			createWebServer();
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
		}
	}
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猜也能猜到,createWebServer方法就是tomcat初始化的地方了。因此進入方法一探究竟。服務器

private void createWebServer() {
		WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
		ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
		//初始化進來,webServer和servletContext兩個對象都是null,因此進入if
		if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
			ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
			this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
		}
		else if (servletContext != null) {
			...
		}
		initPropertySources();
	}
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首先看一下getWebServerFactory方法。

protected ServletWebServerFactory getWebServerFactory() {
		// Use bean names so that we don't consider the hierarchy String[] beanNames = getBeanFactory() .getBeanNamesForType(ServletWebServerFactory.class); if (beanNames.length == 0) { ... } if (beanNames.length > 1) { ... } return getBeanFactory().getBean(beanNames[0], ServletWebServerFactory.class); } 複製代碼

方法邏輯比較簡單,獲取容器中ServletWebServerFactory類型的實例,並校驗其數量,多了或者少了都不行,必須是正好1個。這個時候看一下上面經過自動化配置那邊導入spring容器的TomcatServletWebServerFactory類,這個類就是ServletWebServerFactory的子類。因此在沒有其餘配置的狀況下,getWebServerFactory方法,獲取到的就是TomcatServletWebServerFactory類。

獲取到factory實例後,就來看一下factory的getWebServer方法。

Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
		File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory
				: createTempDir("tomcat");
		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
		//設置端口
		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
		//配置鏈接
		customizeConnector(connector);
		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
		}
		配置context
		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
		return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
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雖然比咱們一開始那個示範要複雜許多,可是大體的邏輯仍是很清晰的,不難看懂。(這個地方若是不理解的話,你須要補充一下tomcat的知識)

進入getTomcatWebServer方法。

protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
		return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);
	}

	public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
		Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
		this.tomcat = tomcat;
		this.autoStart = autoStart;
		initialize();
	}

	private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
		synchronized (this.monitor) {
			try {
				addInstanceIdToEngineName();

				Context context = findContext();
				context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
					if (context.equals(event.getSource())
							&& Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
						removeServiceConnectors();
					}
				});
				this.tomcat.start();
				...
				startDaemonAwaitThread();
			}
			...
		}
	}
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在getTomcatWebServer方法中,發現了tomcat啓動相關的代碼,因此這個地方就是tomcat容器啓動的地方啦。不過若是你用debug的話,你會發現這個地方即便tomcat啓動事後,依然沒法訪問。由於在啓動前spring框架還作了一件事。

Context context = findContext();
				context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
					if (context.equals(event.getSource())
							&& Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
						//移除tomcat容器的鏈接器connector
						removeServiceConnectors();
					}
				});
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由於這個時候做爲一個特殊的bean,tomcat容器須要優先初始化,可是此時其餘bean尚未初始化完成,鏈接進來後是沒法處理的。因此spring框架在這個地方移除了鏈接器。

那麼被移除的鏈接器在那個地方啓動的呢?在AbstractApplicationContext的refresh方法中,onRefresh方法後面還有一個方法finishRefresh方法。進入子類的這個方法(進入這個方法以前,全部的非lazy屬性的bean已經所有完成了初始化)

@Override
	protected void finishRefresh() {
		super.finishRefresh();
		WebServer webServer = startWebServer();
		if (webServer != null) {
			publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(webServer, this));
		}
	}

	private WebServer startWebServer() {
		WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
		if (webServer != null) {
			webServer.start();
		}
		return webServer;
	}

	public void start() throws WebServerException {
		...
				addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();
				Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();
				if (connector != null && this.autoStart) {
					performDeferredLoadOnStartup();
				}
				...
		}
	}
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在這個方法中,咱們找到了被移除的connector。spring框架將剛剛移除獲得鏈接器又放到tomcat容器中,而且啓用了他,這樣的話tomcat就能夠被訪問到了。

tomcat的啓動到這兒咱們已經瞭解了,不知道你們有沒有發現一個問題,就是咱們並無看到相似示例中添加servlet和設置servlet路徑相關的代碼。那這部分代碼在哪裏呢?

回到剛剛factory的getWebServer方法。這個方法中傳入了一個參數getSelfInitializer()咱們看一下這個參數是啥。

private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
		return this::selfInitialize;
	}

	private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
		registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
		WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(),
				servletContext);
		for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
			beans.onStartup(servletContext);
		}
	}
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這個lambda表達式應該還很好理解吧,返回了一個ServletContextInitializer實例,該實例的onStartup方法就是調用了這邊的selfInitialize方法。這個selfInitialize方法裏,最關鍵的就是getServletContextInitializerBeans方法了。可是咱們從這邊分析代碼的話,其實不太看得出來getServletContextInitializerBeans到底獲取到了那些類,因此能夠取巧一下,使用IDEA的debug功能。藉助debug咱們看到了這邊獲取到的幾個類,關鍵的是DispatcherServletRegistrationBean。也就是這個地方會調用DispatcherServletRegistrationBean的onStartup方法。

那麼他的onStartup到底幹了那些事呢?

@Override
	public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		String description = getDescription();
		if (!isEnabled()) {
			logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description)
					+ " was not registered (disabled)");
			return;
		}
		register(description, servletContext);
	}

	@Override
	protected final void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
		D registration = addRegistration(description, servletContext);
		if (registration == null) {
			logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered "
					+ "(possibly already registered?)");
			return;
		}
		configure(registration);
	}

	@Override
	protected ServletRegistration.Dynamic addRegistration(String description,
			ServletContext servletContext) {
		String name = getServletName();
		//這個地方將servlet添加進了context
		return servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
	}

	@Override
	protected void configure(ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration) {
		super.configure(registration);
		String[] urlMapping = StringUtils.toStringArray(this.urlMappings);
		if (urlMapping.length == 0 && this.alwaysMapUrl) {
			urlMapping = DEFAULT_MAPPINGS;
		}
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urlMapping)) {
		//這個方法則對servlet的路徑進行了配置
			registration.addMapping(urlMapping);
		}
		registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.loadOnStartup);
		if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
			registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
		}
	}
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既然知道了ServletContextInitializer的做用,那麼咱們就追蹤一下這個ServletContextInitializer被放置到了什麼地方,什麼時候調用他的方法。

@Override
	public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
		...
		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
		return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
	}

	protected void prepareContext(Host host, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
		...
		ServletContextInitializer[] initializersToUse = mergeInitializers(initializers);
		...
		configureContext(context, initializersToUse);
		...
	}

	protected void configureContext(Context context,
			ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
		TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter(initializers);
		if (context instanceof TomcatEmbeddedContext) {
			TomcatEmbeddedContext embeddedContext = (TomcatEmbeddedContext) context;
			embeddedContext.setStarter(starter);
			embeddedContext.setFailCtxIfServletStartFails(true);
		}
		context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES);
		...
	}
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能夠看到ServletContextInitializer被包裝成了一個TomcatStarter放入了context中。在context的start方法裏,咱們就能夠看到initializers的啓動(這個地方涉及到tomcat容器的啓動,若是不熟悉的話能夠回顧下)。

@Override
    protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
            ...
            // Call ServletContainerInitializers
            for (Map.Entry<ServletContainerInitializer, Set<Class<?>>> entry :
                initializers.entrySet()) {
                try {
                    entry.getKey().onStartup(entry.getValue(),
                            getServletContext());
                } catch (ServletException e) {
                    log.error(sm.getString("standardContext.sciFail"), e);
                    ok = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            ...
    }
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總結

通過這幾輪的分析,從SpringApplication的啓動,到自動化配置,再到今天的tomcat容器的啓動。咱們已經窺探到了整個springboot框架的全貌。因此後面就須要對經常使用功能定點學習了。


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