10.9 查看網絡狀態
監控系統狀態
- netstat 查看網絡狀態
- netstat -lnp 查看監聽端口
- netstat -an 查看系統的網絡鏈接情況
- netstat -lntp 只看出tcp的，不包含socket
- ss -an和netstat殊途同歸
- 技巧：
- netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t" ,sta[key]}'
netstat命令
- netstat命令，查看linux中網絡系統的狀態信息
- 查看的就是tcp/ip通訊的一個狀態
netstat命令，查看監聽端口
- netstat -lnp 查看監聽端口
- l 就是監聽的意思
- tcp
- 25端口，是發郵件的端口
- 22 端口，有兩個，一個是tcp，另外一個是tcp6
- tcp6就是ipv6的IP
- udp
- UNIX中有一種文件叫socket
- 也是進程間相互通訊的（前提：同一臺服務器，兩個進程相互通訊，使用socket文件）
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lnp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 650/NetworkManager Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 1522/master private/tlsmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 1522/master public/pickup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 1522/master private/rewrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 1522/master private/bounce unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18901 1522/master private/defer unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18904 1522/master private/trace unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18907 1522/master private/verify unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18913 1522/master private/proxymap unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18916 1522/master private/proxywrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18919 1522/master private/smtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18922 1522/master private/relay unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18928 1522/master private/error unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18931 1522/master private/retry unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18934 1522/master private/discard unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18937 1522/master private/local unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11300 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18940 1522/master private/virtual unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18943 1522/master private/lmtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18946 1522/master private/anvil unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18949 1522/master private/scache unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6719 1/systemd /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11092 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15756 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private-dhcp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13965 1/systemd /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18884 1522/master public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13979 1/systemd /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18887 1522/master public/qmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18910 1522/master public/flush unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18925 1522/master public/showq unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19266 1525/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 11220 1/systemd /run/udev/control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15580 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10994 1/systemd /run/systemd/private [root@hf-01 ~]#
netstat命令 查看全部的鏈接狀態
- netstat -an 查看全部的鏈接狀態
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.74.129:22 192.168.74.1:49322 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 private/tlsmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 public/pickup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 private/rewrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 private/bounce 等等等，只截取了一部分
netstat命令 只查看tcp
- netstat -ltnp 只查看tcp
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltnp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd [root@hf-01 ~]#
netstat命令 只查看tcp和udp
- netstat -ltunp //只查看tcp和udp
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltunp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r [root@hf-01 ~]#
netstat命令和awk相關的
- 查看全部狀態的數字
- netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t" ,sta[key]}'
- 在現上環境中查看的多（虛擬機實現的效果太差）
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t"
LISTEN 5
ESTABLISHED 1
[root@hf-01 ~]#
- 查看netstat須要關注一個值，就是ESTABLISHED，這個數字如果很大，說明系統很忙
- 一般ESTABLISHED 這個數字在一千之內，服務器都是能夠接受的
- 網站併發鏈接數，併發鏈接數就是指同一時刻有多少個客戶端在鏈接你，而咱們就能夠拿ESTABLISHED 這個數字去說明，併發鏈接數有多少
- 說明這個時刻，有多少個客戶端在和服務端保持通訊
ss -an命令和netstat命令類似
- ss -an
[root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port nl UNCONN 0 0 0:4194954 * nl UNCONN 0 0 0:650 * nl UNCONN 0 0 0:557 * nl UNCONN 0 0 0:0 * nl UNCONN 4352 0 4:2922 * nl UNCONN 768 0 4:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 6:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 7:554 * nl UNCONN 0 0 7:1 * nl UNCONN 0 0 7:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 9:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 9:514 * nl UNCONN 0 0 9:1 * nl UNCONN 0 0 10:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 11:0 * nl UNCONN 0 0 15:650 * 等等等，只截取了一部分 [root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an |grep -i listen //由於listen是大寫，因此加-i 參數 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/tlsmgr 18892 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 public/pickup 18880 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/rewrite 18895 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/bounce 18898 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/defer 18901 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/trace 18904 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/verify 18907 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxymap 18913 * 0 u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxywrite 18916 * 0 等等等，只截取了一部分
- ss -an 缺點：不會顯示進程的名稱
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