React源碼解讀【二】更新建立

願你的將來純淨明朗,像你此刻可愛的目光。—— 普希金react

  • 微信公衆號 《JavaScript全棧
  • 掘金 《合一大師
  • Bilibili 《合一大師
  • 源碼Github地址:github.com/Walker-Leee…

咱們曾探尋過物種起源,咱們也想象過將來要去向何方。一個程序,它也有生與死,輪迴不止git

React 的鮮活生命起源於 ReactDOM.render ,這個過程會爲它的一輩子儲備好不少必需品,咱們順着這個線索,一探嬰兒般 React 應用誕生之初的悅然。github

更新建立的操做咱們總結爲如下兩種場景api

  • ReactDOM.render
  • setState
  • forceUpdate

ReactDom.render

串聯該內容,一圖以蔽之微信

首先看到 react-dom/client/ReactDOM 中對於 ReactDOM 的定義,其中包含咱們熟知的方法、不穩定方法以及即將廢棄方法。數據結構

const ReactDOM: Object = {
  createPortal,

  // Legacy
  findDOMNode,
  hydrate,
  render,
  unstable_renderSubtreeIntoContainer,
  unmountComponentAtNode,

  // Temporary alias since we already shipped React 16 RC with it.
  // TODO: remove in React 17.
  unstable_createPortal(...args) {
    // ...
    return createPortal(...args);
  },

  unstable_batchedUpdates: batchedUpdates,

  flushSync: flushSync,

  __SECRET_INTERNALS_DO_NOT_USE_OR_YOU_WILL_BE_FIRED: {
    // ...
  },
};
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此處方法均來自 ./ReactDOMLegacyrender 方法定義很簡單,正如咱們常使用的那樣,第一個參數是組件,第二個參數爲組件所要掛載的DOM節點,第三個參數爲回調函數。dom

export function render( element: React$Element<any>, container: DOMContainer, callback: ?Function, ) {
  // ...
  return legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer(
    null,
    element,
    container,
    false,
    callback,
  );
}

function legacyRenderSubtreeIntoContainer( parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>, children: ReactNodeList, container: DOMContainer, forceHydrate: boolean, callback: ?Function, ) {

  // TODO: Without `any` type, Flow says "Property cannot be accessed on any
  // member of intersection type." Whyyyyyy.
  let root: RootType = (container._reactRootContainer: any);
  let fiberRoot;
  if (!root) {
    // Initial mount
    root = container._reactRootContainer = legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer(
      container,
      forceHydrate,
    );
    fiberRoot = root._internalRoot;
    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
      const originalCallback = callback;
      callback = function() {
        const instance = getPublicRootInstance(fiberRoot);
        originalCallback.call(instance);
      };
    }
    // 初次渲染,不會將更新標記爲batched.
    unbatchedUpdates(() => {
      updateContainer(children, fiberRoot, parentComponent, callback);
    });
  } else {
    fiberRoot = root._internalRoot;
    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
      const originalCallback = callback;
      callback = function() {
        const instance = getPublicRootInstance(fiberRoot);
        originalCallback.call(instance);
      };
    }
    // Update
    updateContainer(children, fiberRoot, parentComponent, callback);
  }
  return getPublicRootInstance(fiberRoot);
}
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這段代碼咱們不難發現,調用 ReactDOM.render 時,返回的 parentComponent 是 null,而且初次渲染,不會進行批量策略的更新,而是須要儘快的完成。(batchedUpdates批量更新後續介紹)ide

從這部分源碼咱們不難看出,rendercreateProtal 的用法的聯繫,經過DOM容器建立Root節點的形式函數

function legacyCreateRootFromDOMContainer( container: DOMContainer, forceHydrate: boolean, ): RootType {
  const shouldHydrate =
    forceHydrate || shouldHydrateDueToLegacyHeuristic(container);
  // First clear any existing content.
  if (!shouldHydrate) {
    let warned = false;
    let rootSibling;
    while ((rootSibling = container.lastChild)) {
      // ...
      container.removeChild(rootSibling);
    }
  }
    
  return createLegacyRoot(
    container,
    shouldHydrate
      ? {
          hydrate: true,
        }
      : undefined,
  );
}
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createLegacyRoot 定義於 ./ReactDOMRoot 中,指定了建立的DOM容器和一些option設置,最終會返回一個 ReactDOMBlockingRoot性能

export function createLegacyRoot( container: DOMContainer, options?: RootOptions, ): RootType {
  return new ReactDOMBlockingRoot(container, LegacyRoot, options);
}

function ReactDOMBlockingRoot( container: DOMContainer, tag: RootTag, options: void | RootOptions, ) {
  this._internalRoot = createRootImpl(container, tag, options);
}

function createRootImpl( container: DOMContainer, tag: RootTag, options: void | RootOptions, ) {
  // Tag is either LegacyRoot or Concurrent Root
  // ...
  const root = createContainer(container, tag, hydrate, hydrationCallbacks);
  // ...
  return root;
}
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關鍵點在於,方法最終調用了 createContainer 來建立root,而該方法中會建立咱們上一節所介紹的 FiberRoot ,該對象在後續的更新調度過程當中起着很是重要的做用,到更新調度內容咱們詳細介紹。

在這部分咱們看到了兩個方法,分別是:createContainer、 updateContainer,均出自 react-reconciler/inline.dom , 最終定義在 ``react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberReconciler` 。建立方法很簡單,以下

export function createContainer( containerInfo: Container, tag: RootTag, hydrate: boolean, hydrationCallbacks: null | SuspenseHydrationCallbacks, ): OpaqueRoot {
  return createFiberRoot(containerInfo, tag, hydrate, hydrationCallbacks);
}
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咱們繼續往下看,緊跟着能看到 updateContainer 方法,該方法定義了更新相關的操做,其中最重要的一個點就是 expirationTime ,直接譯爲中文是過時時間,咱們想一想,此處爲什麼要過時時間,這個過時的含義是什麼呢?這個過時時間是如何計算的呢?繼續往下咱們能夠看到,computeExpirationForFiber 方法用於過時時間的計算,咱們先將源碼片斷放在此處。

export function updateContainer( element: ReactNodeList, container: OpaqueRoot, parentComponent: ?React$Component<any, any>, callback: ?Function, ): ExpirationTime {
  const current = container.current;
  const currentTime = requestCurrentTimeForUpdate();
  // ...
  const suspenseConfig = requestCurrentSuspenseConfig();
  const expirationTime = computeExpirationForFiber(
    currentTime,
    current,
    suspenseConfig,
  );
  // ...

  const context = getContextForSubtree(parentComponent);
  if (container.context === null) {
    container.context = context;
  } else {
    container.pendingContext = context;
  }
  // ...

  const update = createUpdate(expirationTime, suspenseConfig);
  // Caution: React DevTools currently depends on this property
  // being called "element".
  update.payload = {element};

  callback = callback === undefined ? null : callback;
  if (callback !== null) {
    warningWithoutStack(
      typeof callback === 'function',
      'render(...): Expected the last optional `callback` argument to be a ' +
        'function. Instead received: %s.',
      callback,
    );
    update.callback = callback;
  }

  enqueueUpdate(current, update);
  scheduleWork(current, expirationTime);

  return expirationTime;
}
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計算完更新超時時間,然後建立更新對象 createUpdate ,進而將element綁定到update對象上,若是存在回調函數,則將回調函數也綁定到update對象上。update對象建立完成,將update添加到UpdateQueue中,關於update和UpdateQueue數據結構見上一節講解。至此,開始任務調度。

setState 與 forceUpdate

這兩個方法綁定在咱們當初定義React的文件中,具體定義在 react/src/ReactBaseClasses 中,以下

Component.prototype.setState = function(partialState, callback) {
  // ...
  this.updater.enqueueSetState(this, partialState, callback, 'setState');
};

Component.prototype.forceUpdate = function(callback) {
  this.updater.enqueueForceUpdate(this, callback, 'forceUpdate');
};
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這就是爲什麼React基礎上拓展React-Native能輕鬆自如,由於React只是作了一些規範和結構設定,具體實現是在React-Dom或React-Native中,如此達到了平臺適配性。

Class組件的更新使用 this.setState ,這個api咱們早已爛熟於心,對於對象組件的更新建立,定義在 react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.js ,classComponentUpdater對象定義了 enqueueSetStateenqueueReplaceState 以及 enqueueForceUpdate 對象方法,觀察這兩個方法會發現,不一樣在於enqueueReplaceStateenqueueForceUpdate 會在建立的update對象綁定一個tag,用於標誌更新的類型是 ReplaceState 仍是 ForceUpdate ,具體實現咱們一塊兒來看代碼片斷。

const classComponentUpdater = {
  isMounted,
  enqueueSetState(inst, payload, callback) {
    const fiber = getInstance(inst);
    const currentTime = requestCurrentTimeForUpdate();
    const suspenseConfig = requestCurrentSuspenseConfig();
    const expirationTime = computeExpirationForFiber(
      currentTime,
      fiber,
      suspenseConfig,
    );

    const update = createUpdate(expirationTime, suspenseConfig);
    update.payload = payload;
    if (callback !== undefined && callback !== null) {
      // ...
      update.callback = callback;
    }

    enqueueUpdate(fiber, update);
    scheduleWork(fiber, expirationTime);
  },
  enqueueReplaceState(inst, payload, callback) {
    const fiber = getInstance(inst);
    const currentTime = requestCurrentTimeForUpdate();
    const suspenseConfig = requestCurrentSuspenseConfig();
    const expirationTime = computeExpirationForFiber(
      currentTime,
      fiber,
      suspenseConfig,
    );

    const update = createUpdate(expirationTime, suspenseConfig);
    update.tag = ReplaceState;
    update.payload = payload;

    if (callback !== undefined && callback !== null) {
      // ...
      update.callback = callback;
    }

    enqueueUpdate(fiber, update);
    scheduleWork(fiber, expirationTime);
  },
  enqueueForceUpdate(inst, callback) {
    const fiber = getInstance(inst);
    const currentTime = requestCurrentTimeForUpdate();
    const suspenseConfig = requestCurrentSuspenseConfig();
    const expirationTime = computeExpirationForFiber(
      currentTime,
      fiber,
      suspenseConfig,
    );

    const update = createUpdate(expirationTime, suspenseConfig);
    update.tag = ForceUpdate;

    if (callback !== undefined && callback !== null) {
      // ...
      update.callback = callback;
    }

    enqueueUpdate(fiber, update);
    scheduleWork(fiber, expirationTime);
  },
};
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咱們也能發現,其實經過setState更新的操做實現和ReactDOM.render基本一致。

  1. 更新過時時間
  2. 建立Update對象
  3. 爲update對象綁定一些屬性,好比 tagcallback
  4. 建立的update對象入隊 (enqueueUpdate)
  5. 進入調度過程

expirationTime的做用

expirationTime用於React在調度和渲染過程,優先級判斷,針對不一樣的操做,有不一樣響應優先級,這時咱們經過 currentTime: ExpirationTime 變量與預約義的優先級EXPIRATION常量計算得出expirationTime。難道currentTime如咱們平時糟糕代碼中的 Date.now() ?錯!如此操做會產生頻繁計算致使性能下降,所以咱們定義currentTime的計算規則。

獲取currentTime

export function requestCurrentTimeForUpdate() {
  if ((executionContext & (RenderContext | CommitContext)) !== NoContext) {
    // We're inside React, so it's fine to read the actual time.
    return msToExpirationTime(now());
  }
  // We're not inside React, so we may be in the middle of a browser event.
  if (currentEventTime !== NoWork) {
    // Use the same start time for all updates until we enter React again.
    return currentEventTime;
  }
  // This is the first update since React yielded. Compute a new start time.
  currentEventTime = msToExpirationTime(now());
  return currentEventTime;
}
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該方法定義瞭如何去得到當前時間,now 方法由 ./SchedulerWithReactIntegration 提供,對於now方法的定義彷佛不太好找,咱們經過斷點調試 Scheduler_now ,最終可以發現時間的獲取是經過 window.performance.now(), 緊接着找尋到 msToExpirationTime 定義在 ReactFiberExpirationTime.js ,定義了expirationTime相關處理邏輯。

不一樣的expirationTime

閱讀到 react-reconciler/src/ReactFilberExpirationTime ,對於expirationTime的計算有三個不一樣方法,分別爲:computeAsyncExpirationcomputeSuspenseExpirationcomputeInteractiveExpiration 。這三個方法均接收三個參數,第一個參數均爲以上獲取的 currentTime ,第二個參數爲約定的超時時間,第三個參數與批量更新的粒度有關。

export const Sync = MAX_SIGNED_31_BIT_INT;
export const Batched = Sync - 1;

const UNIT_SIZE = 10;
const MAGIC_NUMBER_OFFSET = Batched - 1;

// 1 unit of expiration time represents 10ms.
export function msToExpirationTime(ms: number): ExpirationTime {
  // Always add an offset so that we don't clash with the magic number for NoWork.
  return MAGIC_NUMBER_OFFSET - ((ms / UNIT_SIZE) | 0);
}

export function expirationTimeToMs(expirationTime: ExpirationTime): number {
  return (MAGIC_NUMBER_OFFSET - expirationTime) * UNIT_SIZE;
}

function ceiling(num: number, precision: number): number {
  return (((num / precision) | 0) + 1) * precision;
}

function computeExpirationBucket( currentTime, expirationInMs, bucketSizeMs, ): ExpirationTime {
  return (
    MAGIC_NUMBER_OFFSET -
    ceiling(
      MAGIC_NUMBER_OFFSET - currentTime + expirationInMs / UNIT_SIZE,
      bucketSizeMs / UNIT_SIZE,
    )
  );
}

// TODO: This corresponds to Scheduler's NormalPriority, not LowPriority. Update
// the names to reflect.
export const LOW_PRIORITY_EXPIRATION = 5000;
export const LOW_PRIORITY_BATCH_SIZE = 250;

export function computeAsyncExpiration( currentTime: ExpirationTime, ): ExpirationTime {
  return computeExpirationBucket(
    currentTime,
    LOW_PRIORITY_EXPIRATION,
    LOW_PRIORITY_BATCH_SIZE,
  );
}

export function computeSuspenseExpiration( currentTime: ExpirationTime, timeoutMs: number, ): ExpirationTime {
  // TODO: Should we warn if timeoutMs is lower than the normal pri expiration time?
  return computeExpirationBucket(
    currentTime,
    timeoutMs,
    LOW_PRIORITY_BATCH_SIZE,
  );
}

export const HIGH_PRIORITY_EXPIRATION = __DEV__ ? 500 : 150;
export const HIGH_PRIORITY_BATCH_SIZE = 100;

export function computeInteractiveExpiration(currentTime: ExpirationTime) {
  return computeExpirationBucket(
    currentTime,
    HIGH_PRIORITY_EXPIRATION,
    HIGH_PRIORITY_BATCH_SIZE,
  );
}
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重點在於 ceil 方法的定義,方法傳遞兩個參數,須要求值的number和指望精度precision,不妨隨意帶入兩個值觀察該函數的做用,number = 100,precision = 10,那麼函數返回值爲 (((100 / 10) | 0) + 1) * 10,咱們保持precision值不變,更改number會發現,當咱們的值在100-110之間時,該函數返回的值相同。哦!此時恍然大悟,原來這個方法就是保證在同一個bucket中的更新獲取到相同的過時時間 expirationTime ,就可以實如今較短期間隔內的更新建立可以__合併處理__。

關於超時時間的處理是很複雜的,除了咱們看到的 expirationTime ,還有 childExpirationTimeroot.firstPendingTimeroot.lastExpiredTimeroot.firstSuspendedTimeroot.lastSuspendedTime ,root下的相關屬性標記了其下子節點fiber的expirationTime的次序,構成處理優先級的次序,childExpirationTime 則是在遍歷子樹時,更新其 childExpirationTime 值爲子節點 expirationTime

以上是React建立更新的核心流程,任務調度咱們下一章節再見。

我是合一,英雄再會!

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