查找最長子串的長度(不重複字符)

描述:

給定一個字符串,找到最長子串的長度,而不重複字符。函數

例子:

給定"abcabcbb"的答案是"abc",長度是3。spa

給定"bbbbb"的答案是"b",長度爲1。code

給定"pwwkew"的答案是"wke",長度爲3.請注意,答案必須是子字符串,"pwke"是子序列,而不是子字符串。blog

個人方法:(時間複雜度較大)

public static int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int start, end;
        String count = "";
        String str = "";
        for(start=0; start<s.length(); start++){
            for(end=start+1; end<=s.length(); end++){
                str = s.substring(start, end);
                if(end == s.length()){
                    if(count.length() < str.length()){//對比長度
                        count = str;
                    }
                    break;
                }else{
                    if(str.contains(s.substring(end, end+1))){//當有重複時候,處理,跳出循環讓start++
                        if(count.length() < str.length()){//對比長度
                            count = str;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return count.length();
    }

LeetCode給出的方法:

一、假設有一個函數allUnique(),能檢測某字符串的子串中的全部字符都是惟一的(無重複字符),那麼就能夠實現題意描述:ip

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; j++)
                if (allUnique(s, i, j)) ans = Math.max(ans, j - i);
        return ans;
    }

    public boolean allUnique(String s, int start, int end) {
        Set<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
        for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
            Character ch = s.charAt(i);
            if (set.contains(ch)) return false;
            set.add(ch);
        }
        return true;
    }
}

二、滑動窗口思想:若是肯定子串s[i,j](假設表示字符串的第i個字符到第j-1個字符表示的子串),那麼只須要比較s[j]是否與子串s[i,j]重複便可rem

若重複:記錄此時滑動窗口大小,並與最大滑動窗口比較,賦值。而後滑動窗口大小重定義爲1,頭位置不變,並右移一個單位。字符串

若不重複:滑動窗口頭不變,結尾+1,整個窗口加大1個單位。繼續比較下一個。get

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length();
        Set<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
        int ans = 0, i = 0, j = 0;
        while (i < n && j < n) {
            // try to extend the range [i, j]
            if (!set.contains(s.charAt(j))){
                set.add(s.charAt(j++));
                ans = Math.max(ans, j - i);
            }
            else {
                set.remove(s.charAt(i++));
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

三、使用HashMapstring

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length(), ans = 0;
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); // current index of character
        // try to extend the range [i, j]
        for (int j = 0, i = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (map.containsKey(s.charAt(j))) {
                i = Math.max(map.get(s.charAt(j)), i);
            }
            ans = Math.max(ans, j - i + 1);
            map.put(s.charAt(j), j + 1);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

四、io

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length(), ans = 0;
        int[] index = new int[128]; // current index of character
        // try to extend the range [i, j]
        for (int j = 0, i = 0; j < n; j++) {
            i = Math.max(index[s.charAt(j)], i);
            ans = Math.max(ans, j - i + 1);
            index[s.charAt(j)] = j + 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }
}
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