RobotFramework自動化測試框架-移動手機自動化測試AppiumLibrary介紹

時間 2019-11-10

標籤 robotframework 自動化測試框架移動手機 appiumlibrary 介紹欄目測試自動化简体版

原文原文鏈接

在使用AppiumLibrary庫時，須要預先安裝好Appium自動化工具，Appium官網地址爲:http://appium.io/javascript

Appium的GitHub地址爲：https://github.com/appiumhtml

Appium的下載地址：http://appium.io/downloads.html，能夠下載最新的安裝版本和響應的Library庫java

Appium的相關介紹文檔：http://appium.io/slate/cn/master/node

Appium的RobotFramework-appiumlibrary地址：https://github.com/serhatbolsu/robotframework-appiumlibrary，library的安裝方式,能夠經過pip在線安裝，也可使用下載好library庫後，採用python setup.py install的方式來進行安裝，python

1）使用pip安裝android

pip install robotframework-appiumlibrary

2）使用setup.py安裝ios

git clone https://github.com/jollychang/robotframework-appiumlibrary.git

cd robotframework-appiumlibrary

python setup.py install

Appium介紹

Appium 真正的工做引擎實際上是第三方自動化框架，共使用如下的第三方框架：git

iOS: 蘋果的 UIAutomationgithub

Android 4.2+: Google’s UiAutomatorweb

Android 2.3+: Google’s Instrumentation. (Instrumentation由單獨的項目Selendroid提供支持 )

Appium爲了實現自身提出的理念你沒必要侷限於某種語言或者框架來寫和運行測試腳本和一個移動自動化的框架不該該在接口上重複造輪子，把上面提到的第三方框架都封裝成了一套API，即WebDriver，API.WebDriver（「Selenium WebDriver"，Appium對此進行了擴展）指定了客戶端到服務端的協議，使用這種客戶端-服務端的架構可使用任何語言來編寫客戶端，向服務端發送恰當的 HTTP 請求。

Appium 的核心是一個 web 服務器，它提供了一套 REST 的接口。它收到客戶端的鏈接，監聽到命令，接着在移動設備上執行這些命令，而後將執行結果放在 HTTP響應中返還給客戶端。

Appium中的經常使用術語

1） Session

Appium自動化創建在一個session上運行，Client端初始化一個seesion來與服務端進行請求和交互，客戶端會發送爲一個POST請求給服務端，請求中包含一個JSON對象，被稱做「desired capabilities」。而後，服務端就會開啓一個自動化的 session，而且返回一個 session ID給客戶端，客戶端的後續請求都會帶上該session ID給服務端作識別。

2） Desired Capabilities

Desired capabilities 是一些鍵值對的集合 (好比，一個 map 或者 hashmap），客戶端將這些鍵值對發給服務端，告訴服務端須要怎麼執行測試。好比，咱們能夠把platformNamecapability 設置爲 Android，告訴 Appium 服務端，咱們想要一個Android的 session，而不是一個 iOS 的。咱們也能夠設置 safariAllowPopups capability 爲 true，確保在 Safari 自動化 session 中，咱們可使用 javascript 來打開新窗口。

3） Appium Server

Appium server 是基於 Node.js 實現的，可使用NPM 直接安裝。

4） Appium 服務關鍵字

usage: appium.js [-h] [-v] [--shell]

[--localizable-strings-dir LOCALIZABLESTRINGSDIR] [--app APP]

[--ipa IPA] [-U UDID] [-a ADDRESS] [-p PORT]

[-ca CALLBACKADDRESS] [-cp CALLBACKPORT] [-bp BOOTSTRAPPORT]

[-k] [-r BACKENDRETRIES] [--session-override] [--full-reset]

[--no-reset] [-l] [-lt LAUNCHTIMEOUT] [-g LOG]

[--log-level {info,info:debug,info:info,info:warn,info:error,wa

rn,warn:debug,warn:info,warn:warn,warn:error,error,error:debug,error:info,error:

warn,error:error,debug,debug:debug,debug:info,debug:warn,debug:error}]

[--log-timestamp] [--local-timezone] [--log-no-colors]

[-G WEBHOOK] [--native-instruments-lib]

[--app-pkg ANDROIDPACKAGE] [--app-activity ANDROIDACTIVITY]

[--app-wait-package ANDROIDWAITPACKAGE]

[--app-wait-activity ANDROIDWAITACTIVITY]

[--android-coverage ANDROIDCOVERAGE] [--avd AVD]

[--avd-args AVDARGS]

[--device-ready-timeout ANDROIDDEVICEREADYTIMEOUT] [--safari]

[--device-name DEVICENAME] [--platform-name PLATFORMNAME]

[--platform-version PLATFORMVERSION]

[--automation-name AUTOMATIONNAME]

[--browser-name BROWSERNAME] [--default-device]

[--force-iphone] [--force-ipad] [--language LANGUAGE]

[--locale LOCALE] [--calendar-format CALENDARFORMAT]

[--orientation ORIENTATION]

[--tracetemplate AUTOMATIONTRACETEMPLATEPATH]

[--instruments INSTRUMENTSPATH] [--show-sim-log]

[--show-ios-log] [--nodeconfig NODECONFIG] [-ra ROBOTADDRESS]

[-rp ROBOTPORT] [--selendroid-port SELENDROIDPORT]

[--chromedriver-port CHROMEDRIVERPORT]

[--chromedriver-executable CHROMEDRIVEREXECUTABLE]

[--use-keystore] [--keystore-path KEYSTOREPATH]

[--keystore-password KEYSTOREPASSWORD] [--key-alias KEYALIAS]

[--key-password KEYPASSWORD] [--show-config]

[--no-perms-check] [--command-timeout DEFAULTCOMMANDTIMEOUT]

[--keep-keychains] [--strict-caps] [--isolate-sim-device]

[--tmp TMPDIR] [--trace-dir TRACEDIR]

[--intent-action INTENTACTION]

[--intent-category INTENTCATEGORY]

[--intent-flags INTENTFLAGS]

[--intent-args OPTIONALINTENTARGUMENTS]

[--dont-stop-app-on-reset] [--debug-log-spacing]

[--suppress-adb-kill-server] [--async-trace]

A webdriver-compatible server for use with native and hybrid iOS and Android

applications.

Optional arguments:

-h, --help Show this help message and exit.

-v, --version Show program's version number and exit.

--shell Enter REPL mode

--localizable-strings-dir LOCALIZABLESTRINGSDIR

IOS only: the relative path of the dir where

Localizable.strings file resides

--app APP IOS: abs path to simulator-compiled .app file or the

bundle_id of the desired target on device; Android:

abs path to .apk file

--ipa IPA (IOS-only) abs path to compiled .ipa file

-U UDID, --udid UDID Unique device identifier of the connected physical

device

-a ADDRESS, --address ADDRESS

IP Address to listen on

-p PORT, --port PORT port to listen on

-ca CALLBACKADDRESS, --callback-address CALLBACKADDRESS

callback IP Address (default: same as --address)

-cp CALLBACKPORT, --callback-port CALLBACKPORT

callback port (default: same as port)

-bp BOOTSTRAPPORT, --bootstrap-port BOOTSTRAPPORT

(Android-only) port to use on device to talk to Appium

-k, --keep-artifacts [DEPRECATED] no effect, trace is now in tmp dir by

default and is cleared before each run. Please also

refer to the --trace-dir flag.

-r BACKENDRETRIES, --backend-retries BACKENDRETRIES

(iOS-only) How many times to retry launching

Instruments before saying it crashed or timed out

--session-override Enables session override (clobbering)

--full-reset (iOS) Delete the entire simulator folder. (Android)

Reset app state by uninstalling app instead of

clearing app data. On Android, this will also remove

the app after the session is complete.

--no-reset Don't reset app state between sessions (IOS: don't

delete app plist files; Android: don't uninstall app

before new session)

-l, --pre-launch Pre-launch the application before allowing the first

session (Requires --app and, for Android, --app-pkg

and --app-activity)

-lt LAUNCHTIMEOUT, --launch-timeout LAUNCHTIMEOUT

(iOS-only) how long in ms to wait for Instruments to

launch

-g LOG, --log LOG Also send log output to this file

--log-level {info,info:debug,info:info,info:warn,info:error,warn,warn:debug,wa

rn:info,warn:warn,warn:error,error,error:debug,error:info,error:warn,error:error

,debug,debug:debug,debug:info,debug:warn,debug:error}

log level; default (console[:file]): debug[:debug]

--log-timestamp Show timestamps in console output

--local-timezone Use local timezone for timestamps

--log-no-colors Don't use colors in console output

-G WEBHOOK, --webhook WEBHOOK

Also send log output to this HTTP listener

--native-instruments-lib

(IOS-only) IOS has a weird built-in unavoidable delay.

We patch this in appium. If you do not want it

patched, pass in this flag.

--app-pkg ANDROIDPACKAGE

(Android-only) Java package of the Android app you

want to run (e.g., com.example.android.myApp)

--app-activity ANDROIDACTIVITY

(Android-only) Activity name for the Android activity

you want to launch from your package (e.g.,

MainActivity)

--app-wait-package ANDROIDWAITPACKAGE

(Android-only) Package name for the Android activity

you want to wait for (e.g., com.example.android.myApp)

--app-wait-activity ANDROIDWAITACTIVITY

(Android-only) Activity name for the Android activity

you want to wait for (e.g., SplashActivity)

--android-coverage ANDROIDCOVERAGE

(Android-only) Fully qualified instrumentation class.

Passed to -w in adb shell am instrument -e coverage

true -w

--avd AVD (Android-only) Name of the avd to launch

--avd-args AVDARGS (Android-only) Additional emulator arguments to

launch the avd

--device-ready-timeout ANDROIDDEVICEREADYTIMEOUT

(Android-only) Timeout in seconds while waiting for

device to become ready

--safari (IOS-Only) Use the safari app

--device-name DEVICENAME

Name of the mobile device to use

--platform-name PLATFORMNAME

Name of the mobile platform: iOS, Android, or

FirefoxOS

--platform-version PLATFORMVERSION

Version of the mobile platform

--automation-name AUTOMATIONNAME

Name of the automation tool: Appium or Selendroid

--browser-name BROWSERNAME

Name of the mobile browser: Safari or Chrome

--default-device, -dd

(IOS-Simulator-only) use the default simulator that

instruments launches on its own

--force-iphone (IOS-only) Use the iPhone Simulator no matter what

the app wants

--force-ipad (IOS-only) Use the iPad Simulator no matter what the

app wants

--language LANGUAGE Language for the iOS simulator / Android Emulator

--locale LOCALE Locale for the iOS simulator / Android Emulator

--calendar-format CALENDARFORMAT

(IOS-only) calendar format for the iOS simulator

--orientation ORIENTATION

(IOS-only) use LANDSCAPE or PORTRAIT to initialize

all requests to this orientation

--tracetemplate AUTOMATIONTRACETEMPLATEPATH

(IOS-only) .tracetemplate file to use with Instruments

--instruments INSTRUMENTSPATH

(IOS-only) path to instruments binary

--show-sim-log (IOS-only) if set, the iOS simulator log will be

written to the console

--show-ios-log (IOS-only) if set, the iOS system log will be written

to the console

--nodeconfig NODECONFIG

Configuration JSON file to register appium with

selenium grid

-ra ROBOTADDRESS, --robot-address ROBOTADDRESS

IP Address of robot

-rp ROBOTPORT, --robot-port ROBOTPORT

port for robot

--selendroid-port SELENDROIDPORT

Local port used for communication with Selendroid

--chromedriver-port CHROMEDRIVERPORT

Port upon which ChromeDriver will run

--chromedriver-executable CHROMEDRIVEREXECUTABLE

ChromeDriver executable full path

--use-keystore (Android-only) When set the keystore will be used to

sign apks.

--keystore-path KEYSTOREPATH

(Android-only) Path to keystore

--keystore-password KEYSTOREPASSWORD

(Android-only) Password to keystore

--key-alias KEYALIAS (Android-only) Key alias

--key-password KEYPASSWORD

(Android-only) Key password

--show-config Show info about the appium server configuration and

exit

--no-perms-check Bypass Appium's checks to ensure we can read/write

necessary files

--command-timeout DEFAULTCOMMANDTIMEOUT

The default command timeout for the server to use for

all sessions. Will still be overridden by

newCommandTimeout cap

--keep-keychains (iOS) Whether to keep keychains (Library/Keychains)

when reset app between sessions

--strict-caps Cause sessions to fail if desired caps are sent in

that Appium does not recognize as valid for the

selected device

--isolate-sim-device Xcode 6 has a bug on some platforms where a certain

simulator can only be launched without error if all

other simulator devices are first deleted. This

option causes Appium to delete all devices other than

the one being used by Appium. Note that this is a

permanent deletion, and you are responsible for using

simctl or xcode to manage the categories of devices

used with Appium.

--tmp TMPDIR Absolute path to directory Appium can use to manage

temporary files, like built-in iOS apps it needs to

move around. On *nix/Mac defaults to /tmp, on Windows

defaults to C:\Windows\Temp

--trace-dir TRACEDIR Absolute path to directory Appium use to save ios

instruments traces, defaults to <tmp

dir>/appium-instruments

--intent-action INTENTACTION

(Android-only) Intent action which will be used to

start activity

--intent-category INTENTCATEGORY

(Android-only) Intent category which will be used to

start activity

--intent-flags INTENTFLAGS

(Android-only) Flags that will be used to start

activity

--intent-args OPTIONALINTENTARGUMENTS

(Android-only) Additional intent arguments that will

be used to start activity

--dont-stop-app-on-reset

(Android-only) When included, refrains from stopping

the app before restart

--debug-log-spacing Add exaggerated spacing in logs to help with visual

inspection

--suppress-adb-kill-server

(Android-only) If set, prevents Appium from killing

the adb server instance

--async-trace Add long stack traces to log entries. Recommended for

debugging only.

服務關鍵字	描述
automationName	自動化測試引擎的名稱，好比`Appium` (默認) 或 `Selendroid`
platformName	待測試的手機操做系統，好比`iOS`, `Android`, 或 `FirefoxOS`
platformVersion	手機操做系統版本
deviceName	手機device或模擬器的device，在安卓上，能夠經過adb devices 來獲得，在ios上，可使用 `instruments -s devices來獲得`
app	`.ipa` or `.apk`文件所在的本地絕對路徑或者遠程路徑
browserName	待自動化測試的手機的web 瀏覽器名稱，若是是對APP應用進行自動化測試，這個關鍵字的值應該要爲空。
newCommandTimeout	執行命令超時時間，單位：秒。若是達到超時時間仍未接收到新的命令時 Appium 會認爲客戶端退出而後自動結束會話。
autoLaunch	Appium是否須要自動安裝和啓動應用，默認`true`
language	(Sim/Emu-only) 設定模擬器 ( simulator / emulator ) 的語言。
locale	(Sim/Emu-only) 設定模擬器 ( simulator / emulator ) 的區域設置。
noReset	不在會話前重置應用狀態，默認值`false`。
fullReset	Android上經過卸載，而不是清空數據重置應用狀態，在 Android 上會話結束後自動清除被測應用，ios上會刪除整個模擬器目錄。
udid	鏈接的物理設備的惟一設備標識
orientation	(Sim/Emu-only) 在一個設定的方向模式中開始測試