史上最簡單的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服務消費者(rest+ribbon)

在上一篇文章,講了服務的註冊和發現。在微服務架構中,業務都會被拆分紅一個獨立的服務,服務與服務的通信是基於http restful的。Spring cloud有兩種服務調用方式,一種是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基於ribbon+rest。java

1、ribbon簡介 Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.git

—–摘自官網github

ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端,能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign默認集成了ribbon。web

ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean:spring

IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImplapache

IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule瀏覽器

IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPingrestful

ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList架構

ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilterapp

ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

2、準備工做 這一篇文章基於上一篇文章的工程,啓動eureka-server 工程;啓動service-hi工程,它的端口爲8762;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成8763,並啓動,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個實例,這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示:

3、建一個服務消費者 從新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲:service-ribbon; 在它的pom.xml文件分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代碼以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>spring-milestones</id>
        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>false</enabled>
        </snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

</project>

在工程的配置文件指定服務的註冊中心地址爲http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名稱爲 service-ribbon,程序端口爲8764。配置文件application.yml以下:

eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8764 spring: application: name: service-ribbon

在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;而且向程序的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並經過@LoadBalanced註解代表這個restRemplate開啓負載均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

}

寫一個測試類HelloService,經過以前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的「/hi」接口,在這裏咱們直接用的程序名替代了具體的url地址,在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務實例,根據服務實例在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名,代碼以下:

@Service public class HelloService {

@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

public String hiService(String name) {
    return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}

}

寫一個controller,在controller中用調用HelloService 的方法,代碼以下:

/**

  • Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */ @RestController public class HelloControler {

    @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name){ return helloService.hiService(name); }

}

在瀏覽器上屢次訪問http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,瀏覽器交替顯示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763

這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject(「http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=「+name,String.class)方法時,已經作了負載均衡,訪問了不一樣的端口的服務實例。

4、此時的架構 輸入圖片說明

一個服務註冊中心,eureka server,端口爲8761 service-hi工程跑了兩個實例,端口分別爲8762,8763,分別向服務註冊中心註冊 sercvice-ribbon端口爲8764,向服務註冊中心註冊 當sercvice-ribbon經過restTemplate調用service-hi的hi接口時,由於用ribbon進行了負載均衡,會輪流的調用service-hi:8762和8763 兩個端口的hi接口; 源碼下載:https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2

5、參考資料 本文參考瞭如下:

spring-cloud-ribbon

springcloud ribbon with eureka

服務消費者

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