軟件安全的一個小實驗,正好複習一下LCS的寫法。python
實現LCS的算法和算法導論上的方式基本一致,都是先建好兩個表,一個存儲在(i,j)處當前最長公共子序列長度,另外一個存儲在(i,j)處的回溯方向。算法
相對於算法導論的版本,增長了一個多分支回溯,即存儲回溯方向時出現了向上向左均可以的狀況時,這時候就表明可能有多個最長公共子序列。當回溯到這裏時,讓程序帶着存儲已經回溯的字符串的棧進行遞歸求解,當走到左上角的時候輸出出來安全
# coding=utf-8 class LCS(): def input(self, x, y): #讀入待匹配的兩個字符串 if type(x) != str or type(y) != str: print 'input error' return None self.x = x self.y = y def Compute_LCS(self): xlength = len(self.x) ylength = len(self.y) self.direction_list = [None] * xlength #這個二維列表存着回溯方向 for i in xrange(xlength): self.direction_list[i] = [None] * ylength self.lcslength_list = [None] * (xlength + 1) #這個二維列表存着當前最長公共子序列長度 for j in xrange(xlength + 1): self.lcslength_list[j] = [None] * (ylength + 1) for i in xrange(0, xlength + 1): self.lcslength_list[i][0] = 0 for j in xrange(0, ylength + 1): self.lcslength_list[0][j] = 0 #下面是進行回溯方向和長度表的賦值 for i in xrange(1, xlength + 1): for j in xrange(1, ylength + 1): if self.x[i - 1] == self.y[j - 1]: self.lcslength_list[i][j] = self.lcslength_list[i - 1][j - 1] + 1 self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] = 0 # 左上 elif self.lcslength_list[i - 1][j] > self.lcslength_list[i][j - 1]: self.lcslength_list[i][j] = self.lcslength_list[i - 1][j] self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] = 1 # 上 elif self.lcslength_list[i - 1][j] < self.lcslength_list[i][j - 1]: self.lcslength_list[i][j] = self.lcslength_list[i][j - 1] self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] = -1 # 左 else: self.lcslength_list[i][j] = self.lcslength_list[i - 1][j] self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] = 2 # 左或上 self.lcslength = self.lcslength_list[-1][-1] return self.direction_list, self.lcslength_list def printLCS(self, curlen, i, j, s): if i == 0 or j == 0: return None if self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] == 0: if curlen == self.lcslength: s += self.x[i - 1] for i in range(len(s)-1,-1,-1): print s[i], print '\n' elif curlen < self.lcslength: s += self.x[i-1] self.printLCS(curlen + 1, i - 1, j - 1, s) elif self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] == 1: self.printLCS(curlen,i - 1, j,s) elif self.direction_list[i - 1][j - 1] == -1: self.printLCS(curlen,i, j - 1,s) else: self.printLCS(curlen,i - 1, j,s) self.printLCS(curlen,i, j - 1,s) def returnLCS(self): #回溯的入口 self.printLCS(1,len(self.x), len(self.y),'') if __name__ == '__main__': p = LCS() p.input('abcbdab', 'bdcaba') p.Compute_LCS() p.returnLCS()
在對'abcbdab'和'bdcaba'兩個串用LCS後,獲得下面結果:curl