數據結構入門-棧

定義：一種能夠實現「先進後出」的存儲結構

分類：

1. 靜態棧
2. 動態棧

算法：

1. 出棧
2. 壓棧

代碼實現：

多敲，多敲，後期改進

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>


typedef struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node * pNext;
}NODE , * PNODE;


typedef struct Stack
{
    PNODE pTop;
    PNODE pBottom;
}STACK , * PSTACK;


void init(PSTACK);
void push(PSTACK , int);
void traverse(PSTACK);
bool pop(PSTACK , int *);
void clear(PSTACK pS);


int main(void)
{
    STACK S; // STACK等價於 struct Stack
    int val;

    init(&S); // 目的是造出一個空棧

    push(&S , 1); // 壓棧
    push(&S , 8);
    push(&S , 23);
    push(&S , 26);
    push(&S , 34);
    push(&S , 45);
    push(&S , 76);
    push(&S , 88);
    traverse(&S); // 遍歷輸出

    if(pop(&S , &val))
    {
        printf("你刪除的是%d\n", val );
        traverse(&S);
        printf("清空數據\n");
        clear(&S);
        traverse(&S);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("刪除失敗\n");
    }
}




void init(PSTACK pS)
{
    pS->pTop = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
    if (NULL == pS->pTop)
    {
        printf("動態內存分配失敗\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    else
    {
        pS->pBottom = pS->pTop;
        pS->pTop->pNext = NULL; // pS->pBottom->pNext = NULL
    }
}


void push(PSTACK pS, int val)
{
    PNODE pNew = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));

    pNew->data = val; 

    pNew->pNext = pS->pTop; // 這裏須要注意
    pS->pTop = pNew;

    return;
}


void traverse(PSTACK pS)
{
    PNODE p = pS->pTop;

    while(p != pS->pBottom)
    {
        printf("%d ", p->data);
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    printf("\n");
    return;
}


bool empty(PSTACK pS )
{
    if (pS->pTop == pS->pBottom)
        return true;
    else
        return false;

}


// 把pS所指向的棧出棧一次，並把出棧元素存下
bool pop(PSTACK pS , int *val)
{

    if (empty(pS))
    {
        return false;
    }
    else
    {
        PNODE p = pS->pTop;
        *val = p->data;

        pS->pTop = p->pNext;
        free(p);
        p = NULL;
        return true;

    }
    
}


// 清空
void clear(PSTACK pS)
{
    if (empty(pS))
    {
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        PNODE p = pS->pTop;
        PNODE q = NULL;

        while(p != pS->pBottom)
        {
            q = p->pNext;
            free(p);
            p = q;
        }

        pS->pTop = pS->pBottom;
    }
}

應用：

1. 函數調用
2. 中斷
3. 表達式求值
4. 內存分配
5. 緩衝處理
6. 迷宮