handler機制你們都比較熟悉呢。在子線程中發送消息,主線程接受到消息而且處理邏輯。以下所示php
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private TextView tv ; /** * 在主線程中定義Handler,並實現對應的handleMessage方法 */ public static Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 101) { Log.i("MainActivity", "接收到handler消息..."); } } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv); tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { new Thread() { @Override public void run() { // 在子線程中發送異步消息 mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1); } }.start(); } }); } }
直接在子線程中建立handler,看看會出現什麼狀況?android
tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { new Thread() { @Override public void run() { Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { Log.i(TAG, "在子線程中定義Handler,接收並處理消息"); } } }; } }.start(); } });
如何正確運行。在這裏問一個問題,在子線程中能夠吐司嗎?答案是能夠的,只不過又條件,詳細能夠看這篇文章02.Toast源碼深度分析git
tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { new Thread() { @Override public void run() { Looper.prepare(); Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { Log.i(TAG, "在子線程中定義Handler,接收並處理消息"); } } }; Looper.loop(); } }.start(); } });
首先直接能夠看在App初始化的時候會執行ActivityThread的main方法中的代碼,以下所示github
public static void main(String[] args) { //省略部分代碼 Looper.prepareMainLooper(); ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); thread.attach(false); if (sMainThreadHandler == null) { sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler(); } if (false) { Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread")); } Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); Looper.loop(); throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited"); }
而且能夠看到還調用了:Looper.loop()方法,能夠知道一個Handler的標準寫法實際上是這樣的面試
Looper.prepare(); Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 101) { Log.i(TAG, "在子線程中定義Handler,並接收到消息"); } } }; Looper.loop();
源碼以下所示segmentfault
public static void prepare() { prepare(true); } private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed)); }
思考:Looper.prepare()可否調用兩次或者屢次設計模式
//這裏Looper.prepare()方法調用了兩次 Looper.prepare(); Looper.prepare(); Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { Log.i(TAG, "在子線程中定義Handler,並接收到消息。。。"); } } }; Looper.loop();
先看一下下面得源代碼markdown
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed)); } private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
得出結論網絡
首先看看構造方法數據結構
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
看handler.sendMessage(msg)方法
handler.sendMessage(message); //追蹤到這一步 public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){ return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0); } public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); } private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
看MessageQueue對象的enqueueMessage方法
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) { if (msg.target == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target."); } if (msg.isInUse()) { throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use."); } synchronized (this) { if (mQuitting) { IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException( msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread"); Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e); msg.recycle(); return false; } msg.markInUse(); msg.when = when; Message p = mMessages; boolean needWake; if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) { // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked. msg.next = p; mMessages = msg; needWake = mBlocked; } else { // Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue. needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous(); Message prev; for (;;) { prev = p; p = p.next; if (p == null || when < p.when) { break; } if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) { needWake = false; } } msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next prev.next = msg; } // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false. if (needWake) { nativeWake(mPtr); } } return true; }
看看裏面得源碼,以下所示
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger final Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs; final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag; if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) { Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg)); } final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); final long end; try { msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); } finally { if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceEnd(traceTag); } } if (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0) { final long time = end - start; if (time > slowDispatchThresholdMs) { Slog.w(TAG, "Dispatch took " + time + "ms on " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", h=" + msg.target + " cb=" + msg.callback + " msg=" + msg.what); } } if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycleUnchecked(); } }
看queue.next()方法源碼
Message next() { // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed. // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit // which is not supported. final long ptr = mPtr; if (ptr == 0) { return null; } int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0; for (;;) { if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) { Binder.flushPendingCommands(); } nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis); synchronized (this) { // Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found. final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); Message prevMsg = null; Message msg = mMessages; if (msg != null && msg.target == null) { // Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue. do { prevMsg = msg; msg = msg.next; } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous()); } if (msg != null) { if (now < msg.when) { // Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready. nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE); } else { // Got a message. mBlocked = false; if (prevMsg != null) { prevMsg.next = msg.next; } else { mMessages = msg.next; } msg.next = null; if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg); msg.markInUse(); return msg; } } else { // No more messages. nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1; } // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled. if (mQuitting) { dispose(); return null; } // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run. // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future. if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0 && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) { pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size(); } if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) { // No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more. mBlocked = true; continue; } if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) { mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)]; } mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers); } // Run the idle handlers. // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration. for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) { final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i]; mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler boolean keep = false; try { keep = idler.queueIdle(); } catch (Throwable t) { Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t); } if (!keep) { synchronized (this) { mIdleHandlers.remove(idler); } } } // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again. pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0; // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting. nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0; } }
那麼msg.target是什麼呢?經過追蹤能夠知道就是定義的Handler對象,而後查看一下Handler類的dispatchMessage方法:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } } private static void handleCallback(Message message) { message.callback.run(); }
看看源碼,以下所示
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } } @Override public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action) { if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread) { mHandler.post(action); } else { action.run(); } }
Handler的post方法實現很簡單,以下所示
mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { } }); public final boolean post(Runnable r){ return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0); }
view的post方法也很簡單,以下所示
public boolean post(Runnable action) { final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo; if (attachInfo != null) { return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action); } ViewRootImpl.getRunQueue().post(action); return true; } public void post(Runnable action) { postDelayed(action, 0); } public void postDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis) { final HandlerAction handlerAction = new HandlerAction(action, delayMillis); synchronized (this) { if (mActions == null) { mActions = new HandlerAction[4]; } mActions = GrowingArrayUtils.append(mActions, mCount, handlerAction); mCount++; } }
形成ANR的緣由
形成ANR的緣由通常有兩種:
問題描述
ActivityThread中main方法
public static final void main(String[] args) { ... //建立Looper和MessageQueue Looper.prepareMainLooper(); ... //輪詢器開始輪詢 Looper.loop(); ... }
Looper.loop()方法無限循環
while (true) { //取出消息隊列的消息,可能會阻塞 Message msg = queue.next(); // might block ... //解析消息,分發消息 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); ... }
爲何這個死循環不會形成ANR異常呢?
處理消息handleMessage方法
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what)); switch (msg.what) { case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart"); final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj; r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo); handleLaunchActivity(r, null); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); } break; case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityRestart"); ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj; handleRelaunchActivity(r); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); } break; case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause"); handlePauseActivity((IBinder) msg.obj, false, (msg.arg1 & 1) != 0, msg.arg2, (msg.arg1 & 2) != 0); maybeSnapshot(); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); break; case PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING: Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause"); handlePauseActivity((IBinder) msg.obj, true, (msg.arg1 & 1) != 0, msg.arg2, (msg.arg1 & 1) != 0); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); break; ........... } }
loop的循環消耗性能嗎?
得出結論
得出得結論以下所示