go 命令

$ go build -x

-x會列出來go build調用到的全部命令。html

若是你對Go的工具鏈好奇,或者使用了一個跨C編譯器,而且想知道調用外部編譯器用到的具體參數,或者懷疑連接器有bug;使用-x來查看全部調用。android

$ go build -x
WORK=/var/folders/00/1b8h8000h01000cxqpysvccm005d21/T/go-build600909754
mkdir -p $WORK/hello/perf/_obj/
mkdir -p $WORK/hello/perf/_obj/exe/
cd /Users/jbd/src/hello/perf
/Users/jbd/go/pkg/tool/darwin_amd64/compile -o $WORK/hello/perf.a -trimpath $WORK -p main -complete -buildid bbf8e880e7dd4114f42a7f57717f9ea5cc1dd18d -D _/Users/jbd/src/hello/perf -I $WORK -pack ./perf.go
cd .
/Users/jbd/go/pkg/tool/darwin_amd64/link -o $WORK/hello/perf/_obj/exe/a.out -L $WORK -extld=clang -buildmode=exe -buildid=bbf8e880e7dd4114f42a7f57717f9ea5cc1dd18d $WORK/hello/perf.a
mv $WORK/hello/perf/_obj/exe/a.out perf

$ go build -gcflags

這個參數將會傳遞給編譯器。go tool compile -help列出來了全部咱們能夠傳遞給編譯器的參數。git

$ go tool compile -help
usage: compile [options] file.go...
  -%    debug non-static initializers
  -+    compiling runtime
  -B    disable bounds checking
  -C    disable printing of columns in error messages
  -D path
        set relative path for local imports
  -E    debug symbol export
  -I directory
        add directory to import search path
  -K    debug missing line numbers
  -L    show full file names in error messages
  -N    disable optimizations
  -S    print assembly listing
  -V    print version and exit
  -W    debug parse tree after type checking
  -allabis
        generate ABI wrappers for all symbols (for bootstrap)
  -asmhdr file
        write assembly header to file
  -bench file
        append benchmark times to file
  -blockprofile file
        write block profile to file
  -buildid id
        record id as the build id in the export metadata
  -c int
        concurrency during compilation, 1 means no concurrency (default 1)
  -complete
        compiling complete package (no C or assembly)
  -cpuprofile file
        write cpu profile to file
  -d list
        print debug information about items in list; try -d help
  -dwarf
        generate DWARF symbols (default true)
  -dwarflocationlists
        add location lists to DWARF in optimized mode (default true)
  -dynlink
        support references to Go symbols defined in other shared libraries
  -e    no limit on number of errors reported
  -gendwarfinl int
        generate DWARF inline info records (default 2)
  -goversion string
        required version of the runtime
  -h    halt on error
  -importcfg file
        read import configuration from file
  -importmap definition
        add definition of the form source=actual to import map
  -installsuffix suffix
        set pkg directory suffix
  -j    debug runtime-initialized variables
  -l    disable inlining
  -lang string
        release to compile for
  -linkobj file
        write linker-specific object to file
  -live
        debug liveness analysis
  -m    print optimization decisions
  -memprofile file
        write memory profile to file
  -memprofilerate rate
        set runtime.MemProfileRate to rate
  -mutexprofile file
        write mutex profile to file
  -nolocalimports
        reject local (relative) imports
  -o file
        write output to file
  -p path
        set expected package import path
  -pack
        write to file.a instead of file.o
  -r    debug generated wrappers
  -race
        enable race detector
  -s    warn about composite literals that can be simplified
  -shared
        generate code that can be linked into a shared library
  -std
        compiling standard library
  -symabis file
        read symbol ABIs from file
  -traceprofile file
        write an execution trace to file
  -trimpath prefix
        remove prefix from recorded source file paths
  -v    increase debug verbosity
  -w    debug type checking
  -wb   enable write barrier (default true)

 

例如,禁用編譯器優化和內聯優化,你可使用下面的參數:github

$ go build -gcflags="-N -I"

$ go test -v

這個命令能夠爲測試提供完整的輸出。它會打印測試名稱、狀態(成功或者失敗)、測試所耗費的時間,還有測試的日誌等等。golang

若是不使用-v參數來測試,輸出不多不少,我常常使用-v參數來打開詳細測試日誌。例子:bootstrap

$ go test -v context
=== RUN   TestBackground
--- PASS: TestBackground (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestTODO
--- PASS: TestTODO (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestWithCancel
--- PASS: TestWithCancel (0.10s)
=== RUN   TestParentFinishesChild
--- PASS: TestParentFinishesChild (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestChildFinishesFirst
--- PASS: TestChildFinishesFirst (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestDeadline
--- PASS: TestDeadline (0.16s)
=== RUN   TestTimeout
--- PASS: TestTimeout (0.16s)
=== RUN   TestCanceledTimeout
--- PASS: TestCanceledTimeout (0.10s)
...
PASS
ok  	context	2.426s

$ go test -race

如今可使用Go工具提供的-race參數進行競爭檢測。它會檢測並報告競爭。開發的過程當中用這個命令來檢測一下。瀏覽器

注:完整的命令是:app

$ go test -race mypkg    // to test the package
$ go run -race mysrc.go  // to run the source file
$ go build -race mycmd   // to build the command

$ go test -run

你能夠在測試的時候經過-run參數來正則匹配過濾須要測試的代碼。下面的命令只會運行test examples工具

$ go test -run=Example

$ go test -coverprofile

當測試一個包的時候,能夠輸出一個測試覆蓋率,而後使用命令go tool來在瀏覽器裏面可視化。測試

$ go test -coverprofile=c.out && go tool cover -html=c.out

上面的命令將會建立一個測試覆蓋率文件在瀏覽器打開結果。

注:測試fmt包

go test -coverprofile=c.out fmt

$ go test -exec

通常不多有人知道Go的這個功能,你能夠經過-exec插入另外一個程序。這個參數容許經過Go工具完成一些外部工做。

一個常見的需求場景是你須要在一些宿主機上面執行一些測試。咱們能夠經過-exec命令調用adb命令來把二進制文件導入安卓設備而且能夠收集到結果信息。參考這個來在安卓設備上面執行。

$ go get -u

若是你經過go get命令獲取Go包,而這個包已經存在於本地的GOPATH,那麼這個命令並不會幫你更新包。-u能夠強制更新到最新版。

若是你是一個庫做者,你最好在你的安裝說明上加上-u參數,例如,golint是這麼作的:

$ go get -u github.com/golang/lint/golint

$ go get -d

若是你想clone一個代碼倉庫到GOPATH裏面,跳過編譯和安裝環節,使用-d參數。這樣它只會下載包而且在編譯和安裝以前中止。

當須要clone虛擬網址代碼倉庫的時候,我常常使用這個命令來代替git clone,由於這樣能夠把Go代碼自動放入合適的目錄下面。例如:

$ go get -d golang.org/x/oauth2/...

這樣能夠克隆到$GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/ouath2目錄下面。假設golang.org/x/oauth2是一個虛擬網址,經過go get獲取這個代碼倉庫要比找出倉庫的真實地址(go.googlesource.com/oauth2)更簡單。

$ go get -t

若是你的測試包的有附加的依賴包,-t能夠一併下載測試包的依賴包。若是沒有加這個參數,go get只會下載非測試包的依賴包。

$ go list -f

這個命令能夠列出來Go的全部包,而且能夠指定格式。這個寫腳本的時候頗有用。

下面這個命令將會打印全部依賴的runtime

go list -f ‘’ runtime [runtime/internal/atomic runtime/internal/sys unsafe]

$ go tool compile -S main.go

反編譯代碼爲彙編代碼

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