網絡遠程喚醒 WOL Magic Packet

時間  2019-11-06
標籤 網絡 遠程 喚醒 wol magic packet 欄目 系統網絡 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

Magic Packet

Magic Packet白皮書介紹:html

　　The basic technical details of Magic Packet Technologyare simple and easy to understand. There is also a sec-ond set of details, which will be implementation spe-cific. In other words, silicon- or gate-levelimplementations of Magic Packet Technology may dif-fer from AMD's approach and be completely interoper-able, as long as the basic feature set is maintained.python

        https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d5a3282e453610661ed9f487.htmllinux

 AMD公司出的網絡喚醒協議,即發送遠程喚醒數據包,Magic Packet雖然只是AMD公司所開發的一項技術，可是受到了幾乎全部網卡製造商的支持，所以，大多數流行網卡都能與之很好地兼容。(2010年後生產的主板)

WOL原理

WOL(Wake on Lan)，即局域網喚醒，從根本上來講是硬件設備提供的一項管理功能,該功能能夠當電腦處於關機或休眠狀態時,經過給網卡發送特定的數據包從而命令網卡向主板發送開機指令,進而實現上電開機.可見，網絡喚醒須要硬件（主要是主板和網卡）的支持.bash

 

硬件設置

進入BIOS，將「Power Management Setup」中的「Wake Up On LAN」或「Resume by LAN」項設置爲「Enable」或「On」,相似於這樣,由於主板不同,BIOS設置位置有可能有差別服務器

好比個人主板設置是在:Setting-Advanced-Wake up event setup - Resume By PCI-E Device 設置爲Enable.網絡

有的人說還要設置boot的第一啓動項爲network,我試過不須要滴!app

 

軟件設置

BIOS設置好了,硬件已經知足條件了,而後須要OS級別的軟件設置iphone

Windows設置:socket

設備管理器-網卡設備-屬性-高級, 在列表裏能找到「Wakeup Capabilities(喚醒功能)」設置值爲「MagicPacket」或」Both」.工具

Linux設置:

先經過 ifconfig 查看要wol的網卡.

這裏須要說下,好多網友說沒有eth0, 對! 我也沒有這個網卡的信息,由於你用的確定是Ubuntu的衍生版,在Ubuntu 16.04以後以太網卡名稱由eth0，變成了enp3s0,還有systemd替換掉了initd來引導系統,參考:   Linux網卡命名enp3s0說明

用ethtool命令 打印網卡信息

sudo ethtool enp3s0

打印結果:

....
....
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
    Wake-on: g
    Current message level: 0x00000033 (51)
                   drv probe ifdown ifup

Wake-on 參數:

d 表示禁用disable

g表示啓用great

若是wake-on參數爲d就要啓用wol, 啓用命令:

sudo ethtool -s enp3s0 wol g

必需要用sudo 管理員權限不然會提示:  Cannot get current wake-on-lan settings: Operation not permitted

-s 參數是修改以太網設備設置

supports wake-on 中的參數

p Wake on phy activity
u Wake on unicast messages
m Wake on multicast messages
b Wake on broadcast messages
a Wake on AR

 

獲取MAC地址

Windows 直接在網絡設備-屬性裏面, linux使用ifconfig 命令查看

 例如linux:

enp3s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.213  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::a680:65a4:a006:5bbc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether d8:cb:8a:3f:32:d2  txqueuelen 1000  (以太網)
        RX packets 890331  bytes 1003253740 (1.0 GB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 555010  bytes 73345907 (73.3 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

網絡喚醒

到這;已經有了BIOS的支持,有了OS wake-on的支持,又知道了MAC地址,說明被控制(喚醒)機已經Ready了.

局域網喚醒

如今咱們須要局域網的電腦或者設備去訪問,訪問不是隨隨便便訪問的,由於Magic Packet是一種協議規則,必需要用規則發送,關於規則可看下一個段落解析Magic Packet包

咱們用GUI工具去訪問,經常使用的WOL工具備

WakeOnLanGui

 

下載地址:https://www.depicus.com/wake-on-lan/wake-on-lan-gui

WakeMeOnLan

下載地址:http://wakemeonlan.findmysoft.com

參數IP地址,MAC地址,任意一個端口號,IP地址也能夠直接填寫255.255.255.255

 

Linux下我沒有找到GUI工具,只有wakeonlan命令了

sudo apt install wakeonlan

喚醒目標主機:

wakeonlan d8:cb:8a:3f:32:d2

輸出:

Sending magic packet to 255.255.255.255:9 with d8:cb:8a:3f:32:d2

 

局域網手機喚醒

在同一個局域網下,手機也能夠喚醒目標主機

Android APP: 

Wake On Lan

下載地址:https://dl.iplaysoft.com/files/3869.html

iphone APP:

RemoteBoot

      

下載地址:appstore本身搜.....

 

 準備放大招了!!!!! 

 

互聯網遠程喚醒

雖然 WOL (Wake on Lan) 網絡喚醒本來的設計就是 LAN 局域網環境下使用的，但其實咱們也是能夠想辦法讓其在 WAN 廣域網 (即互聯網) 下使用——Wake On Wan。這樣，在公司喚醒家裏的電腦(在家喚醒公司電腦...........)

 第一步:設置端口映射（虛擬服務器）

 由於廣域網不知道咱們局域網內對應的主機是哪個,因此只訪問外網的IP不會把Magic Packet包發到局域網指定的電腦上.咱們須要路由器端口映射的支持

登錄路由器找到 傳輸控制-NAT設置-虛擬服務器

 

路由器必須爲頂級路由而非二級即二級如下

若是路由器LAN設置的是DHCP動態分配IP,有可能此次分配的局域網IP與重啓以後局域網IP不統一(若是設備少於DHCP分配區間,IP會一直續租), 因此最好作一個靜態地址分配或者IP與MAC綁定.

對於外網,若是IP是運營商固定IP能夠直接使用公網IP,若是非固定IP(自動獲取IP與PPPoE撥號)能夠經過花生殼進行DDNS動態域名解析.使用動態域名替代公網IP.

 第二步:查看公網IP

經過站長工具 http://ip.chinaz.com/  查看對應公網IP

 第三步:網絡訪問目標

OK! 此時,能夠經過手機APP進行互聯網的喚醒了,關閉WiFi,打開4G.好吧,不關WiFi也行.

 

當咱們按BOOT時,就會經過公網IP端口映射到指定的主機,發送Magic Packet包喚醒電腦.

depicus 提供了在線遠程喚醒   (如今貌似喚不起來了！！！)

https://www.depicus.com/wake-on-lan/woli

網站這樣解釋:

Wake on Lan Magic Packets can be sent over the Internet - why not try waking up one of your machines with our free Wake On Wan Service. Want a quick way to use this page ?

 

Bookmark https://www.depicus.com/wake-on-lan/woli?m=001143BDA600&i=82.110.108.30&s=255.255.255.255&p=4321 will get you straight there without the need to press those pesky send buttons.

換句話說,咱們能夠不用下載APP,只要保存一個書籤,當須要的時候訪問書籤便可.

https://www.depicus.com/wake-on-lan/woli?m=d8cb8a3f32d2&i=58.37.39.82&s=255.255.255.255&p=4321 

 

 

TeamViewer 自帶Lan網絡喚醒

在TeamViewer-其餘-常規-網絡設置中就有自帶的Lan網絡喚醒

填寫公共地址IP或端口映射對應的NAT網址，手機端TeamViewer登錄對應的帳戶，當主機關機時咱們就能夠經過手機端TeamViewer喚醒電腦

 

 

解析Magic Packet包

咱們已經知道,Magic Packet是一種協議規則,必須聽從規則發送,Magic Packet的包格式很簡單,首先是六個FF,而後是重複十六次待喚醒電腦的MAC

FF FF FF FF FF FF d8 cb 8a 3f 32 d2 d8 cb 8a 3f 32 d2 .......

理論上能夠在任意網絡封包中打包Magic Packet,不過通常選擇UDP或IPX

Python代碼:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Small module for use with the wake on lan protocol.

"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import argparse
import socket
import struct
import re


BROADCAST_IP = '255.255.255.255'
DEFAULT_PORT = 9


def create_magic_packet(macaddress):
    """
    Create a magic packet.

    A magic packet is a packet that can be used with the for wake on lan
    protocol to wake up a computer. The packet is constructed from the
    mac address given as a parameter.

    Args:
        macaddress (str): the mac address that should be parsed into a
            magic packet.

    """
    if len(macaddress) == 12:
        pass
    elif len(macaddress) == 17:
        sep = macaddress[2]
        macaddress = macaddress.replace(sep, '')
    else:
        raise ValueError('Incorrect MAC address format')

    # Pad the synchronization stream
    data = b'FFFFFFFFFFFF' + (macaddress * 16).encode()
    send_data = b''

    # Split up the hex values in pack
    for i in range(0, len(data), 2):
        send_data += struct.pack(b'B', int(data[i: i + 2], 16))
    return send_data


def send_magic_packet(*macs, **kwargs):
    """
    Wake up computers having any of the given mac addresses.

    Wake on lan must be enabled on the host device.

    Args:
        macs (str): One or more macaddresses of machines to wake.

    Keyword Args:
        ip_address (str): the ip address of the host to send the magic packet
                     to (default "255.255.255.255")
        port (int): the port of the host to send the magic packet to
               (default 9)

    """
    packets = []
    ip = kwargs.pop('ip_address', BROADCAST_IP)

    port = kwargs.pop('port', DEFAULT_PORT)
    for k in kwargs:
        raise TypeError('send_magic_packet() got an unexpected keyword '
                        'argument {!r}'.format(k))



    for mac in macs:
        packet = create_magic_packet(mac)
        packets.append(packet)

    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)

    # 若是輸入的是域名，將域名轉換爲IP
    ipv4_regex = re.compile(r'(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(?:\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}',re.IGNORECASE)
    if not ipv4_regex.match(ip):
        ip=socket.gethostbyname(ip)
    sock.connect((ip, port))
    for packet in packets:
        sock.send(packet)
    sock.close()
    print('sent to '+ip)


def main(argv=None):
    """
    Run wake on lan as a CLI application.

    """
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Wake one or more computers using the wake on lan'
                    ' protocol.')
    parser.add_argument(
        'macs',
        metavar='mac address',
        nargs='+',
        help='The mac addresses or of the computers you are trying to wake.')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-i',
        metavar='ip',
        default=BROADCAST_IP,
        help='The ip address of the host to send the magic packet to.'
             ' (default {})'.format(BROADCAST_IP))
    parser.add_argument(
        '-p',
        metavar='port',
        type=int,
        default=DEFAULT_PORT,
        help='The port of the host to send the magic packet to (default 9)')
    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
    send_magic_packet(*args.macs, ip_address=args.i, port=args.p)


if __name__ == '__main__':  # pragma: nocover
    main()

terminal執行：

python3 WakeOnWan.py -i test.tpddns.cn -p 9  d8:cb:8a:3f:32:d2
python3 WakeOnWan.py -i 192.168.1.105 -p 9  d8:cb:8a:3f:32:d2

 

C++ 代碼:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>

void fill_magic_buf(void *magic_buf, void *mac)
{
        int i;
        char *ptr;

        ptr = magic_buf;
        memset(ptr, 0xFF, 6);
        ptr += 6;

        for(i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                memcpy(ptr, mac, 6);
                ptr += 6;
        }
}

void usage(void)
{
        printf("usage...\n");
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int s;
        int packet_num = 10;
        char c;

        unsigned char mac[6] = {0x00, 0x1A, 0x92, 0xE5, 0x1B, 0xA7};
        char dstip[256] = "192.168.9.180";
        int port = 9;

        struct sockaddr_in address;
        char magic_buf[6 + 6 * 16] = {0};

        daemon(0,0);    /* run in background */

        while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "d:m:p:")) != -1) {
                switch(c) {
                case 'd':
                        strcpy(dstip, optarg);
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        sscanf(optarg, "%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x",
                                (unsigned int*)&mac[0], (unsigned int*)&mac[1],
                                (unsigned int*)&mac[2], (unsigned int*)&mac[3],
                                (unsigned int*)&mac[4], (unsigned int*)&mac[5]);
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        port = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

        if (s == -1) {
                perror("Opening socket");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        memset(&address, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
        address.sin_family = AF_INET;
        address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(dstip);
        address.sin_port = htons(port);

        fill_magic_buf(magic_buf, mac);

        /* ten packets. TODO: use ping to check whether the destination is on or else. */
        while (packet_num-- > 0) {
                if (sendto(s, magic_buf, sizeof(magic_buf), 0,
                     (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
                        printf("sendto\n");
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                sleep(1);
        }

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

 

 

 

 

注意事項

1: 若是電腦非正常關機（好比按Power鍵來強制關機）仍是沒法WOL的，只有正常關機後，網卡仍會處於活動狀態能夠接收網絡數據

2:若是是外網IP訪問,路由器作端口映射必需要是頂級接入的路由器,由於二級如下NAT只能在是內網映射

3:Linux設置wol的時候,重啓後enp3s0的設置又恢復Wake-on: d 狀態, 寫個腳本讓開機執行 （Ubuntu18.04已修復）

在~/.profile 文件中添加

.config/wol.sh

wol.sh

#!/bin/sh
echo "12345678" | sudo -S ethtool -s enp3s0 wol g

-S表示bash腳本免輸密碼,參考:  bash腳本，自動輸入sudo的密碼

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