ElasticSearch多種搜索方式

時間  2019-11-09
標籤 elasticsearch 多種 搜索 方式 欄目 日誌分析 简体版
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上一章節主要介紹了ES的一些重要概念及簡單的CRUD，本章內容將重點介紹ES的多種查詢方式。ES在使用過程當中，查詢是最重要的應用場景。

1、Query String Search(‘Query String’方式的搜索)

1.搜索所有商品css

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search

返回結果：json

{
  "took": 8,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test": "test"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

字段解釋：post

took:耗費了幾毫秒
timed_out:是否超時，這裏是沒有
_shards:數據被拆到了5個分片上，搜索時使用了5個分片，5個分片都成功地返回了數據，失敗了0個，跳過了0個
hits.total:查詢結果的數量，3個document
max_score:就是document對於一個search的相關度的匹配分數，越相關，就越匹配，分數也越高
hits.hits:包含了匹配搜索的document的詳細數據

2.搜索商品名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，並且按照售價降序排序：
下面這種方法也是"Query String Search"的由來，由於search參數都是以http請求的query string來附帶的.code

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search?q=name:HuaWei&sort=price:desc

返回結果：視頻

{
  "took": 23,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          5300
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          2500
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

2、Query DSL(DSL: Domain Specified Language，特定領域的語言)

這種方法是經過一個json格式的http request body請求體做爲條件，能夠完成多種複雜的查詢需求，比query string的功能更增強大
1.搜索全部商品排序

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

返回結果省略...索引

2.查詢名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，而且按照價格降序排列ip

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "HuaWei"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

返回結果省略...ci

3.分頁查詢第二頁，每頁1條記錄文檔

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 1
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

注意：
(1)在實際項目中，若是有條件查詢以後再須要分頁，不須要單獨查詢總條數，ES會返回知足條件的總條數，能夠直接使用；
(2)ES的分頁默認from是從0開始的；

4.只查詢特定字段，好比：name，desc和price字段，其餘字段不須要返回

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "HuaWei"
    }
  },
  "_source": ["name","desc","price"]
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 27,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "price": 5300,
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "price": 2500,
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

三.Query Filter(對查詢結果進行過濾)

好比：查詢名稱中包含HuaWei，而且價格大於4000的商品記錄:

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "HuaWei"
          }
        }
      ], 
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 4000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 195,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4、全文索引(Full-Text Search)

搜索生產廠商字段中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的商品記錄：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer"
    }
  }
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 8,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate10",
          "desc": "Cheap and Beauti",
          "price": 2300,
          "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.18232156,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1",
        "_score": 0.18232156,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei nova 4e",
          "desc": "cheap and look nice",
          "price": 1999,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Nice"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

從以上結果中能夠看到：
id爲"SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS"的記錄score分數最高，表示匹配度最高;
緣由：
producer分完詞以後包括的詞語有：
(1).HuaWei:
匹配到改詞的記錄ID：'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS','1','CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1','zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo'
(2).MateProducer:
匹配到該詞的記錄ID：'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS'
因爲"HuaWei MateProducer"兩次匹配到ID爲'SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS'的記錄，因此該記錄的score分數最高。

5、Phrase Search(短語搜索)

短語索引和全文索引的區別：
(1)全文匹配：將要搜索的內容分詞，而後挨個單詞去倒排索引中匹配，只要匹配到任意一個單詞，就算是匹配到記錄;
(2)短語索引：輸入的搜索串，必須在指定的字段內容中，徹底包含如出一轍的，才能夠算匹配，才能做爲結果返回;
例如：搜索name中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"短語的商品信息:

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer"
    }
  }
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 158,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate10",
          "desc": "Cheap and Beauti",
          "price": 2300,
          "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

能夠看到只有包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的記錄才被返回。

6、Highlight Search(搜索高亮顯示)

高亮搜索指的是搜索的結果中，將某些特別須要強調的詞使用特定的樣式展現出來。
例如：搜索商品名稱中包含"Xiao'Mi"的商品，並將搜索的關鍵詞高亮顯示：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "Xiao'Mi"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name": {}
    }
  }
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 348,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Xiao'Mi 9",
          "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti",
          "price": 3500,
          "producer": "XiaoMi Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "name": [
            "<em>Xiao'Mi</em> 9"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

能夠看到，"Xiao'Mi"使用了標籤返回了，能夠在HTML中直接以斜體展現。
若是想使用自定義高亮樣式，能夠使用pre_tags和post_tags進行自定義，好比：想使用紅色展現，以下所示：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "Xiao'Mi"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name": {}
    },
    "pre_tags": [
      "<em style='color:red;'>"
    ],
    "post_tags": [
      "</em>"
    ]
  }
}

返回結果：

{
  "took": 10,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Xiao'Mi 9",
          "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti",
          "price": 3500,
          "producer": "XiaoMi Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "name": [
            "<em style='color:red;'>Xiao'Mi</em> 9"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

返回結果中的搜索關鍵字使用表示紅色的css樣式展現出來。

ES的多種搜索方式到此介紹完畢，每種搜索方式中還包含其餘的API，文中沒有所有介紹，若是有須要能夠自行翻閱官方文檔。歡迎評論轉發！

後續更多文章將更新在我的小站上，歡迎查看。

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