Django內置的Admin是對於model中對應的數據表進行增刪改查提供的組件,使用方式有:html
Django內置的Admin是對於model中對應的數據表進行增刪改查提供的組件,使用方式有: 複製代碼 依賴APP: django.contrib.auth django.contrib.contenttypes django.contrib.messages django.contrib.sessions 模板的context_processors: django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages 中間件: django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware 複製代碼 一. 配置路由 urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ] 當前配置的路由能夠建立一些路由映射關係: /admin/ /admin/login/ /admin/logout/ /admin/password_change/ /admin/password_change/done/ /admin/app名稱/model名稱/ /admin/app名稱/model名稱/add/ /admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/history/ /admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/change/ /admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/delete/ 二. 定製Admin 在admin.py中只須要講Mode中的某個類註冊,便可在Admin中實現增刪改查的功能,如: admin.site.register(models.UserInfo) 可是,這種方式比較簡單,若是想要進行更多的定製操做,須要利用ModelAdmin進行操做,如: 方式一: class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一個參數能夠是列表 方式二: @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一個參數能夠是列表 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定製功能,如 1. list_display,列表時,定製顯示的列。 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') def xxxxx(self, obj): return "xxxxx" 2. list_display_links,列表時,定製列能夠點擊跳轉。 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') list_display_links = ('pwd',) 3. list_filter,列表時,定製右側快速篩選。 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd') class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter): title = _('decade born') parameter_name = 'xxxxxx' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): """ 顯示篩選選項 :param request: :param model_admin: :return: """ return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title') def queryset(self, request, queryset): """ 點擊查詢時,進行篩選 :param request: :param queryset: :return: """ v = self.value() return queryset.filter(ug=v) list_filter = ('user',Ugg,) 4. list_select_related,列表時,連表查詢是否自動select_related 5. 分頁相關 # 分頁,每頁顯示條數 list_per_page = 100 # 分頁,顯示所有(真實數據<該值時,纔會有顯示所有) list_max_show_all = 200 # 分頁插件 paginator = Paginator 6. list_editable,列表時,能夠編輯的列 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',) list_editable = ('ug',) 7. search_fields,列表時,模糊搜索的功能 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): search_fields = ('user', 'pwd') 8. date_hierarchy,列表時,對Date和DateTime類型進行搜索 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): date_hierarchy = 'ctime' 9. preserve_filters,詳細頁面,刪除、修改,更新後跳轉回列表後,是否保留原搜索條件 10. save_as = False,詳細頁面,按鈕爲「Sava as new」 或 「Sava and add another」 11. save_as_continue = True,點擊保存並繼續編輯 save_as_continue = True # 若是 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 點擊Sava as new 按鈕後繼續編輯。 # 若是 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,點擊Sava as new 按鈕後返回列表。 New in Django 1.10. 12. save_on_top = False,詳細頁面,在頁面上方是否也顯示保存刪除等按鈕 13. inlines,詳細頁面,若是有其餘表和當前表作FK,那麼詳細頁面能夠進行動態增長和刪除 class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline extra = 0 model = models.UserInfo class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title',) inlines = [UserInfoInline, ] 14. action,列表時,定製action中的操做 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # 定製Action行爲具體方法 def func(self, request, queryset): print(self, request, queryset) print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action')) func.short_description = "中文顯示自定義Actions" actions = [func, ] # Action選項都是在頁面上方顯示 actions_on_top = True # Action選項都是在頁面下方顯示 actions_on_bottom = False # 是否顯示選擇個數 actions_selection_counter = True 15. 定製HTML模板 add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None 16. raw_id_fields,詳細頁面,針對FK和M2M字段變成以Input框形式 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',) 17. fields,詳細頁面時,顯示字段的字段 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('user',) 18. exclude,詳細頁面時,排除的字段 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ('user',) 19. readonly_fields,詳細頁面時,只讀字段 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('user',) 20. fieldsets,詳細頁面時,使用fieldsets標籤對數據進行分割顯示 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = ( ('基本數據', { 'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',) }), ('其餘', { 'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 'fields': ('user', 'pwd'), }), ) 21. 詳細頁面時,M2M顯示時,數據移動選擇(方向:上下和左右) @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",) 22. ordering,列表時,數據排序規則 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ordering = ('-id',) 或 def get_ordering(self, request): return ['-id', ] 23. view_on_site,編輯時,是否在頁面上顯示view on set view_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site(self, obj): return 'https://www.baidu.com' 24. radio_fields,詳細頁面時,使用radio顯示選項(FK默認使用select) radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL 25. show_full_result_count = True,列表時,模糊搜索後面顯示的數據個數樣式 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total) # show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all) search_fields = ('user',) 26. formfield_overrides = {},詳細頁面時,指定現實插件 from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_html class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None): # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'} if attrs: default_attrs.update(attrs) super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value) @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): formfield_overrides = { models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea}, } 27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加頁面,當在某字段填入值後,自動會將值填充到指定字段。 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)} PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js實現功能,頁面email字段的值會在輸入:user、pwd時自動填充 28. form = ModelForm,用於定製用戶請求時候表單驗證 from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fields class MyForm(ModelForm): others = fields.CharField() class Meta: model = models = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = MyForm 29. empty_value_display = "列數據爲空時,顯示默認值" @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = "列數據爲空時,默認顯示" list_display = ('user','pwd','up') def up(self,obj): return obj.user up.empty_value_display = "指定列數據爲空時,默認顯示"
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ]
當前配置的路由能夠建立一些路由映射關係:django
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/session
/admin/app名稱/model名稱/
/admin/app名稱/model名稱/add/
/admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/history/
/admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/change/
/admin/app名稱/model名稱/ID值/delete/app
在admin.py中只須要講Mode中的某個類註冊,便可在Admin中實現增刪改查的功能,如:ide
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
可是,這種方式比較簡單,若是想要進行更多的定製操做,須要利用ModelAdmin進行操做,如:ui
方式一: class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一個參數能夠是列表 方式二: @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一個參數能夠是列表 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定製功能,如url
1. list_display,列表時,定製顯示的列。spa
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') def xxxxx(self, obj): return "xxxxx"
2. list_display_links,列表時,定製列能夠點擊跳轉。插件
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') list_display_links = ('pwd',)
3. list_filter,列表時,定製右側快速篩選。code
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd') class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter): title = _('decade born') parameter_name = 'xxxxxx' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): """ 顯示篩選選項 :param request: :param model_admin: :return: """ return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title') def queryset(self, request, queryset): """ 點擊查詢時,進行篩選 :param request: :param queryset: :return: """ v = self.value() return queryset.filter(ug=v) list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
4. list_select_related,列表時,連表查詢是否自動select_related
5. 分頁相關
# 分頁,每頁顯示條數 list_per_page = 100 # 分頁,顯示所有(真實數據<該值時,纔會有顯示所有) list_max_show_all = 200 # 分頁插件 paginator = Paginator
6. list_editable,列表時,能夠編輯的列
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',) list_editable = ('ug',)
7. search_fields,列表時,模糊搜索的功能
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')
8. date_hierarchy,列表時,對Date和DateTime類型進行搜索
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
9. preserve_filters,詳細頁面,刪除、修改,更新後跳轉回列表後,是否保留原搜索條件
10. save_as = False,詳細頁面,按鈕爲「Sava as new」 或 「Sava and add another」
11. save_as_continue = True,點擊保存並繼續編輯
save_as_continue = True # 若是 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 點擊Sava as new 按鈕後繼續編輯。 # 若是 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,點擊Sava as new 按鈕後返回列表。 New in Django 1.10.
12. save_on_top = False,詳細頁面,在頁面上方是否也顯示保存刪除等按鈕
13. inlines,詳細頁面,若是有其餘表和當前表作FK,那麼詳細頁面能夠進行動態增長和刪除
class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline extra = 0 model = models.UserInfo class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title',) inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
14. action,列表時,定製action中的操做
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # 定製Action行爲具體方法 def func(self, request, queryset): print(self, request, queryset) print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action')) func.short_description = "中文顯示自定義Actions" actions = [func, ] # Action選項都是在頁面上方顯示 actions_on_top = True # Action選項都是在頁面下方顯示 actions_on_bottom = False # 是否顯示選擇個數 actions_selection_counter = True
15. 定製HTML模板
add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None
16. raw_id_fields,詳細頁面,針對FK和M2M字段變成以Input框形式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
17. fields,詳細頁面時,顯示字段的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('user',)
18. exclude,詳細頁面時,排除的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ('user',)
19. readonly_fields,詳細頁面時,只讀字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('user',)
20. fieldsets,詳細頁面時,使用fieldsets標籤對數據進行分割顯示
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = ( ('基本數據', { 'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',) }), ('其餘', { 'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 'fields': ('user', 'pwd'), }), )
21. 詳細頁面時,M2M顯示時,數據移動選擇(方向:上下和左右)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
22. ordering,列表時,數據排序規則
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ordering = ('-id',) 或 def get_ordering(self, request): return ['-id', ]
23. view_on_site,編輯時,是否在頁面上顯示view on set
view_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site(self, obj): return 'https://www.baidu.com'
24. radio_fields,詳細頁面時,使用radio顯示選項(FK默認使用select)
radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表時,模糊搜索後面顯示的數據個數樣式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total) # show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all) search_fields = ('user',)
26. formfield_overrides = {},詳細頁面時,指定現實插件
from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_html class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None): # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'} if attrs: default_attrs.update(attrs) super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value) @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): formfield_overrides = { models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea}, }
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加頁面,當在某字段填入值後,自動會將值填充到指定字段。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js實現功能,頁面email字段的值會在輸入:user、pwd時自動填充
28. form = ModelForm,用於定製用戶請求時候表單驗證
from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fields class MyForm(ModelForm): others = fields.CharField() class Meta: model = models = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = MyForm
29. empty_value_display = "列數據爲空時,顯示默認值"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = "列數據爲空時,默認顯示" list_display = ('user','pwd','up') def up(self,obj): return obj.user up.empty_value_display = "指定列數據爲空時,默認顯示"