AspectJ中的類型間聲明(成員注入)

在上一篇博客初窺AspectJ中,咱們提到AspectJ給java提供了三種新的結構,pointcut,advice以及inter-type declaration(ITD),並且咱們經過一個簡單的Demo介紹瞭如何使用pointcut和advice。而本文將介紹inter-type declaration是什麼,能夠作什麼,最後一樣會經過一個Demo來介紹如何使用。後文將主要用ITD來表示inter-type declaration。html

本文中Demo的代碼能夠在github aspect-demo中找到。java

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ITD與成員注入

inter-type declaration (ITD),翻譯成中文是類型間聲明。即便看到中文翻譯,相信你們仍是一頭霧水,不知所云,因此我不是很喜歡對一些英文名字,尤爲是技術名字進行生硬的翻譯,這隻會增長你們的理解負擔。其實,換一種說法可能更好理解,member introduction(成員注入),其目的就是經過aspect的方式,在現有的類中注入一些新的成員變量或者成員方法。經過aspect,咱們能夠向一個類中注入以下成員:github

  • 成員變量(final或者非final)
  • 方法
  • 構造函數

除了往類裏面添加內容,aspect還能夠修改java中的interface(接口),實如今現有接口中注入:spring

  • 方法的默認實現
  • 非final的域

經過ITD注入的成員的訪問修飾符能夠是:框架

  • private: 經過private聲明的私有成員屬於目標類,可是呢,只對aspect腳本可見,而對目標類不可見;
  • public: 聲明爲public的成員對全部類和apsect均可見;
  • default package protected:這裏的包可見性是相對於aspect所在的包,而不是相對於目標類所在的包。

inter-type declaration示例

在編寫aspect以前,先準備一個簡單的java類:eclipse

package cc.databus.aspect.intertype;

public class Point {
    private int x;
    private int y;

    public Point(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }

    public void setX(int x) {
        this.x = x;
    }

    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }

    public void setY(int y) {
        this.y = y;
    }
}

有了這個基礎類,下面來看看如何經過aspect修改這個類實現的接口,成員變量以及成員方法。這裏是咱們的aspect代碼:ide

package cc.databus.aspect.intertype;

public aspect PointAspect {
    // creates a new interface named HasName
    private interface HasName{}
    // make class Ppint implements HashName
    declare parents: Point implements HasName;
    // make HasName has a field named name
    private String HasName.name;
    // make HasName has a method getName() and default implemented
    public String HasName.getName() {
        return name;
    }

    // make HasName has a method named setName and default
    public void HasName.setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // add a field named created to class Point
    // with default value 0
    long Point.created = 0;


    // add a field named lastUpdated to class Point
    // with default value 0
    private long Point.lastUpdated = 0;


    // add a private method setUpdated()
    private void Point.setUpdated() {
        this.lastUpdated = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    // implement toString() for Point
    // include the fields added in the aspect file
    public String Point.toString() {
        return String.format(
                "Point: {name=%s, x=%d; y=%d, created=%d, updated=%d}",
                getName(), getX(), getY(), created, lastUpdated);
    }

    // pointcut the constructor, and set the value for created
    after() returning(Point p) : call(Point.new(..)) && !within(PointAspect) {
        System.out.println(thisJoinPointStaticPart);
        System.out.println("Set created");
        p.created = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    // define a pointcut for setX and setY
    pointcut update(Point p): target(p) && call(void Point.set*(..));

    // make the lastUpdated updated every time
    // setX or setY invoked
    after(Point p): update(p) && !within(PointAspect) {
        System.out.println("set updated for Point due to " + thisJoinPointStaticPart);
        p.setUpdated();
    }
}

在上面的aspect文件中,咱們首先定義了一個接口,而且讓Point類實現該接口,且給該新接口加了一個成員變量(name)並實現了對應的setter/getter:wordpress

// creates a new interface named HasName
    private interface HasName{}
    // make class Ppint implements HashName
    declare parents: Point implements HasName;
    // make HasName has a field named name
    private String HasName.name;
    // make HasName has a method getName() and default implemented
    public String HasName.getName() {
        return name;
    }

    // make HasName has a method named setName and default
    public void HasName.setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

隨後,咱們給Point類加了兩個成員變量,並實現了兩個成員方法。其中,實現toString()接口的時候,咱們把經過aspect注入的成員變量也都包含在結果裏面:函數

// add a field named created to class Point
    // with default value 0
    long Point.created = 0;

    // add a field named lastUpdated to class Point
    // with default value 0
    private long Point.lastUpdated = 0;

    // add a private method setUpdated()
    private void Point.updated() {
        this.lastUpdated = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    // implement toString() for Point
    // include the fields added in the aspect file
    public String Point.toString() {
        return String.format(
                "Point: {name=%s, x=%d; y=%d, created=%d, updated=%d}",
                getName(), getX(), getY(), created, lastUpdated);
    }

最後,咱們加了兩個pointcut一級advice,分別實如今調用Point構造函數以後爲created的賦值,以及調用setX(int), set(int)以及setName(string)的時候更新lastUpdated成員變量(這裏使用!within(PointAspect)排除掉在aspect腳本里面調用set*的狀況):

// pointcut the constructor, and set the value for created
    after() returning(Point p) : call(Point.new(..)) && !within(PointAspect) {
        System.out.println(thisJoinPointStaticPart);
        System.out.println("Set created");
        p.created = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    // define a pointcut for setX and setY
    pointcut update(Point p): target(p) && call(void Point.set*(..));

    // make the lastUpdated updated every time
    // setX or setY invoked
    after(Point p): update(p) && !within(PointAspect) {
        System.out.println("set updated for Point due to " + thisJoinPointStaticPart);
        p.setUpdated();
    }

一樣,咱們能夠新建一個單元測試類來進行測試:

package cc.databus.aspect.intertype;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestPointAspect {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Point point = new Point(1,1);
        point.setName("test");
        point.setX(12);
        point.setY(123);
        System.out.println(point);
    }
}

運行測試,咱們能看到以下結果:

call(cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point(int, int))
Set created
set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setName(String))
set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setX(int))
set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setY(int))
Point: {name=test, x=12; y=123, created=1536153649547, updated=1536153649548}

能夠看到,經過aspect注入的成員對象和成員方法都是工做的。

總結

ITD着實是一個強大的功能,可以方便給現有類注入新的功能。可是,筆者認爲使用這種方法相對容易出錯,尤爲在大項目的狀況下,若是經過大量的aspect腳原本實現功能,相信對後期的維護是一個很大的挑戰。因此,我建議在沒有spring這種框架作支撐的狀況下,不要大量的使用這種方法爲項目造血。

Reference

  1. Advanced AspectJ Part II : Inter-type declaration
  2. Inter-type declarations

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