MySQL數據庫入門多實例配置

時間  2019-11-06
標籤 mysql 數據庫 入門 實例 配置 欄目 MySQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

前面介紹了相關的基礎命令操做：MySQL數據庫基礎篇之入門基礎命令mysql

全部的操做都是基於單實例的，mysql多實例在實際生產環境也是很是實用的，由於必需要掌握。linux

一、什麼是多實例

多實例就是一臺服務器上開啓多個不一樣的服務端口（默認3306），運行多個mysql的服務進程，這此服務進程經過不一樣的socket監聽不一樣的服務端口來提供各在的服務，全部實例之間共同使用一套MYSQL的安裝程序，但各自使用不一樣的配置文件、啓動程序、數據文件，在邏輯上是相對獨立的。面試

多實例主要做用是：充分利用現有的服務器硬件資源，爲不一樣的服務提供數據服務，可是若是某個實例併發比較高的，一樣是會影響到其它實例的性能redis

二、安裝多實例環境準備

安裝前須要先安裝mysql，可是隻需將安裝過程進行到make install便可（編譯安裝），若是使用免安裝程序，只需解壓軟件包便可，今天的環境是經過免安裝包來安裝mysql主程序（其它的安裝能夠參考前面的安裝過程自行測試）sql

系統環境數據庫

[root@centos6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
[root@centos6 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

安裝程序segmentfault

mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gzcentos

首先將軟件下載到本地服務器

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

建立安裝用戶微信

[root@centos6 ~]#groupadd mysql
[root@centos6 ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M
[root@centos6 ~]#tail -1 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

建立多實例的數據目錄

[root@centos6 tools]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}
[root@centos6 tools]# tree /data/
/data/
+-- 3306
+-- 3307
2 directories, 0 files

三、安裝MYSQL多實例

接下來進行安裝mysql的多實例操做

解壓軟件

[root@centos6 tools]# ll mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185855000 Aug 26 21:38 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@centos6 tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

拷貝配置文件

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3306/my.cnf

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3306/mysql

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3307/mysql

爲一規範安裝路徑，將免安裝包拷貝到應用程序目錄下

[root@centos6 tools]# mv mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql

[root@centos6 tools]# ll /application/mysql
total 72
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 bin
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 17987 Aug 26 19:24 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 include
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415   301 Aug 26 19:24 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 man
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415  2496 Aug 26 19:24 README
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 share
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 support-files

修改配置文件與啓動文件

由於是多實例，其中參數須要修改，修改後的配置文件以下：配置文件my.cnf

[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld] user = mysql
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
server-id = 3    

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

啓動程序文件mysql

[root@backup 3307]# cat mysql
#!/bin/sh
init port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="migongge"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup
function_start_mysql() {
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
   printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
  printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql() {
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql() {
   printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
   function_stop_mysql
   sleep 2
   function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

其它的配置可參考配置文件進行修改便可

多實例初始化操做

[root@centos6 3306]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3336 ...
OK
Filling help tables...
161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3343 ...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos6 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

初始化成功後，會在數據目錄下產生一個數據目錄data和一些文件

[root@centos6 3306]# ll /data/3306/data/
total 1136
drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:02 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   27693 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      38 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    4096 Dec  9 18:02 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:02 test

另外一個實例的初始化請參考上述操做進行，操做過程再也不一一介紹

[root@centos6 3307]# ll /data/3307/data/
total 1136
drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:40 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   27693 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      38 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    4096 Dec  9 18:40 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:40 test

4 、啓動多實例並登陸

啓動服務

[root@backup 3307]# /data/3306/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 19986 mysql 10u IPv4 90967 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
[root@backup 3307]# /data/3307/mysql
start Starting MySQL...
[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3307
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 21648 mysql 11u IPv4 92899 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)

檢查端口

[root@backup 3307]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21648/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19986/mysqld

登錄多實例數據庫

[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.51-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database data3306;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| data3306 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.51 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.05 sec)

成功登錄，並在3306實例中建立數據庫，可是3307實例上查看並無建立過的數據，說明兩個實例是獨立的

注：若是再須要新增一個實例，基本的配置步驟同上述同樣，只須要相應修改配置文件與啓動程序文件中的端口號與數據目錄的路徑便可，最後能夠將多實例數據庫啓動命令加入開機自啓動。

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