MySQL數據庫入門——多實例配置

MySQL數據庫入門——多實例配置

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前面介紹了相關的基礎命令操做，全部的操做都是基於單實例的，mysql多實例在實際生產環境也是很是實用的，由於必需要掌握

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一、什麼是多實例

   多實例就是一臺服務器上開啓多個不一樣的服務端口（默認3306），運行多個mysql的服務進程，這此服務進程經過不一樣的socket監聽不一樣的服務端口來提供各在的服務，全部實例之間共同使用一套MYSQL的安裝程序，但各自使用不一樣的配置文件、啓動程序、數據文件，在邏輯上是相對獨立的。

    多實例主要做用是：充分利用現有的服務器硬件資源，爲不一樣的服務提供數據服務，可是若是某個實例併發比較高的，一樣是會影響到其它實例的性能

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二、安裝多實例環境準備

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安裝前須要先安裝mysql，可是隻需將安裝過程進行到make install便可（編譯安裝），若是使用免安裝程序，只需解壓軟件包便可，今天的環境是經過免安裝包來安裝mysql主程序（其它的安裝能夠參考前面的安裝過程自行測試）

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系統環境

[root@centos6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

[root@centos6 ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

安裝程序

mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

   軟件下載

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

建立安裝用戶

[root@centos6 ~]#groupadd mysql

[root@centos6 ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M

[root@centos6 ~]#tail -1 /etc/passwd

mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

建立多實例的數據目錄

[root@centos6 tools]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}

[root@centos6 tools]# tree /data/

/data/

+-- 3306

+-- 3307

2 directories, 0 files

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三、安裝MYSQL多實例

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    接下來進行安裝mysql的多實例操做

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解壓軟件

[root@centos6 tools]# ll mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185855000 Aug 26 21:38 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@centos6 tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

拷貝配置文件

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3306/my.cnf

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3306/mysql

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3307/mysql

爲一規範安裝路徑，將免安裝包拷貝到應用程序目錄下

[root@centos6 tools]# mv mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql

[root@centos6 tools]# ll /application/mysql

total 72

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 bin

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 17987 Aug 26 19:24 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 data

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 docs

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 include

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415   301 Aug 26 19:24 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 lib

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415  2496 Aug 26 19:24 README

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 share

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec  9 17:15 support-files

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修改配置文件與啓動文件

由於是多實例，其中參數須要修改，修改後的配置文件以下

配置文件my.cnf

[client]

port = 3307

socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[mysqld] user = mysql

port = 3307

socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock

basedir = /application/mysql

datadir = /data/3307/data

#log_long_format

#log-error = /data/3307/error.log

#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log

pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid

server-id = 3    

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/data/3307/mysql3307.err

pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

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啓動程序文件mysql

[root@backup 3307]# cat mysql

#!/bin/sh

init port=3307

mysql_user="root"

mysql_pwd="migongge"

CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"

mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"

#startup

function_start_mysql() {

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

   printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

else

  printf "MySQL is running...\n"

exit

fi

}

#stop function

function_stop_mysql() {

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"

exit

else

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown

fi

}

#restart function

function_restart_mysql() {

   printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

   function_stop_mysql

   sleep 2

   function_start_mysql

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql

;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql

;;

restart)

function_restart_mysql

;;

*)

printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"

esac

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其它的配置可參考配置文件進行修改便可

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多實例初始化操做

[root@centos6 3306]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...

161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3336 ...

OK

Filling help tables...

161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3343 ...

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos6 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

初始化成功後，會在數據目錄下產生一個數據目錄data和一些文件

[root@centos6 3306]# ll /data/3306/data/

total 1136

drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:02 mysql

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   27693 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      38 Dec  9 18:02 mysql-bin.index

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    4096 Dec  9 18:02 performance_schema

drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:02 test

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另外一個實例的初始化請參考上述操做進行，操做過程再也不一一介紹

[root@centos6 3307]# ll /data/3307/data/

total 1136

drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:40 mysql

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   27693 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      38 Dec  9 18:40 mysql-bin.index

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql    4096 Dec  9 18:40 performance_schema

drwx------. 2 mysql root     4096 Dec  9 18:40 test

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4 、啓動多實例並登陸

啓動服務

[root@backup 3307]# /data/3306/mysql start

Starting MySQL...

[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3306

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld 19986 mysql 10u IPv4 90967 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[root@backup 3307]# /data/3307/mysql

start Starting MySQL...

[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3307

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld 21648 mysql 11u IPv4 92899 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)

檢查端口

[root@backup 3307]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21648/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19986/mysqld

登錄多實例數據庫

[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.51-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database data3306;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| data3306 |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.

Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.51 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.05 sec)

成功登錄，並在3306實例中建立數據庫，可是3307實例上查看並無建立過的數據，說明兩個實例是獨立的

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注：若是再須要新增一個實例，基本的配置步驟同上述同樣，只須要相應修改配置文件與啓動程序文件中的端口號與數據目錄的路徑便可，最後能夠將多實例數據庫啓動命令加入開機自啓動