wtforms

1、簡介

WTForms是一個支持多個web框架的form組件,主要用於對用戶請求數據進行驗證。html

pip3 install wtforms

2、用戶登陸註冊示例

登陸

from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms import widgets
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms.fields import simple

app = Flask(__name__)


class MyValidators(object):
    """自定義驗證規則"""
    def __init__(self,message):
        self.message = message

    def __call__(self, form, field):
        black_list = ["shabi", "傻逼"]
        print("用戶輸入的信息:", field.data)
        if field.data not in black_list:
            return None
        raise validators.ValidationError(self.message)


class LoginForm(Form):
    username = simple.StringField(
        label="帳號",
        validators=[
            MyValidators(message="用戶名非法"),  # 自定義驗證規則
            validators.DataRequired(message="用戶名不能爲空"),
            validators.Length(min=2, max=8, message="用戶名長度必須大於%(min)d且小於%(max)d")
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),  # TextInput(input_type="test")
        render_kw={"placeholder": "請輸入帳號"}
    )
    password = simple.PasswordField(
        label="密碼",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="密碼不能爲空"),
            validators.Length(min=6, message="用戶名長度必須大於%(min)d"),
            validators.Regexp(regex="\d+", message="密碼必須是數字")
            # validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
            #                   message="密碼至少8個字符,至少1個大寫字母,1個小寫字母,1個數字和1個特殊字符")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"placeholder": "請輸入密碼"}
    )


@app.route("/login", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template("login.html", form=form)
    form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():  # 經過驗證
        print(form.data)
        return redirect("https://www.cnblogs.com/believepd/")
    else:
        print(form.errors)
        return render_template("login.html", form=form)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
app.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" novalidate>
    <div>{{ form.username.label }}{{ form.username }}{{ form.username.errors[0] }}</div>
    <div>{{ form.password.label }}{{ form.password }}{{ form.password.errors[0] }}</div>
    <div><input type="submit" value="登陸"></div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
login.html

註冊

from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms import widgets
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple

app = Flask(__name__)


class RegisterForm(Form):
    username = simple.StringField(
        label="帳號",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="帳號不能爲空")
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c1"},
        default="pd"  # 默認值
    )
    password = simple.PasswordField(
        label="密碼",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="密碼不能爲空")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c2"}
    )
    password_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label="重複密碼",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="重複密碼不能爲空"),
            validators.EqualTo("password", message="兩次密碼輸入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c3"}
    )
    email = html5.EmailField(
        label="郵箱",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="郵箱不能爲空"),
            validators.Email(message="郵箱格式錯誤")
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type="email"),
        render_kw={"class": "c4"}
    )
    gender = core.RadioField(
        label="性別",
        choices=(
            (1, ""),
            (2, "")
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label="城市",
        choices=(
            ("BJ", "北京"),
            ("SH", "上海"),
            ("GZ", "廣州")
        )
    )
    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label="愛好",
        choices=(
            (1, "籃球"),
            (2, "足球")
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label="喜愛",
        choices=(
            (1, "籃球"),
            (2, "足球"),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """用於從數據庫取出的數據是實時的"""
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, "籃球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "羽毛球"))
        # self.favor.choices = 從數據庫取到的數據

    def validate_password_confirm(self, field):
        """
        自定義password_confirm字段規則,例如:與password字段是否一致
        """
        # 最開始初始化時,self.data中已經有全部的值
        if field.data != self.data["password"]:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密碼不一致") # 繼續後續驗證
            raise validators.StopValidation("密碼不一致")  # 再也不繼續後續驗證

# {"password_confirm": ["兩次密碼輸入不一致", "密碼不一致"]}

@app.route("/register", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def register():
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = RegisterForm(data={"gender": 1})
        return render_template("register.html", form=form)
    form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():
        print(form.data)
        return "註冊成功"
    else:
        print(form.errors)
        return render_template("register.html", form=form)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms import widgets
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple

app = Flask(__name__)


class RegisterForm(Form):
    username = simple.StringField(
        label="帳號",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="帳號不能爲空")
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c1"},
        default="pd"  # 默認值
    )
    password = simple.PasswordField(
        label="密碼",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="密碼不能爲空")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c2"}
    )
    password_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label="重複密碼",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="重複密碼不能爲空"),
            validators.EqualTo("password", message="兩次密碼輸入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"class": "c3"}
    )
    email = html5.EmailField(
        label="郵箱",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="郵箱不能爲空"),
            validators.Email(message="郵箱格式錯誤")
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type="email"),
        render_kw={"class": "c4"}
    )
    gender = core.RadioField(
        label="性別",
        choices=(
            (1, ""),
            (2, "")
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label="城市",
        choices=(
            ("BJ", "北京"),
            ("SH", "上海"),
            ("GZ", "廣州")
        )
    )
    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label="愛好",
        choices=(
            (1, "籃球"),
            (2, "足球")
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label="喜愛",
        choices=(
            (1, "籃球"),
            (2, "足球"),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """用於從數據庫取出的數據是實時的"""
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, "籃球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "羽毛球"))
        # self.favor.choices = 從數據庫取到的數據

    def validate_password_confirm(self, field):
        """
        鉤子函數
        自定義password_confirm字段規則,例如:與password字段是否一致
        """
        # 最開始初始化時,self.data中已經有全部的值
        if field.data != self.data["password"]:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密碼不一致") # 繼續後續驗證
            raise validators.StopValidation("密碼不一致")  # 再也不繼續後續驗證

# {"password_confirm": ["兩次密碼輸入不一致", "密碼不一致"]}

@app.route("/register", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def register():
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = RegisterForm(data={"gender": 1})
        return render_template("register.html", form=form)
    form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():
        print(form.data)
        return "註冊成功"
    else:
        print(form.errors)
        return render_template("register.html", form=form)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
app.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% for field in form %}
    <div>{{ field.label }}{{ field }}{{ field.errors[0] }}</div>
{% endfor %}
<div><input type="submit" value="註冊"></div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
register.html

Meta

import hashlib
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms.csrf.core import CSRF
app = Flask(__name__)


class MyCSRF(CSRF):
    """
    Generate a CSRF token based on the user"s IP. I am probably not very
    secure, so don"t use me.
    """
    def setup_form(self, form):
        self.csrf_context = form.meta.csrf_context()
        self.csrf_secret = form.meta.csrf_secret
        return super(MyCSRF, self).setup_form(form)

    def generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_token):
        gid = self.csrf_secret + self.csrf_context
        token = hashlib.md5(gid.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
        return token

    def validate_csrf_token(self, form, field):
        # print(field.data, field.current_token)
        if field.data != field.current_token:
            raise ValueError("Invalid CSRF")


class LoginForm(Form):
    username = simple.StringField(label="帳號")
    password = simple.PasswordField(label="密碼")

    class Meta:
        ########## CSRF ##########
        # 是否自動生成CSRF標籤
        csrf = True
        # 生成CSRF標籤name
        csrf_field_name = "csrf_token"
        # 自動生成標籤的值,加密用的csrf_secret
        csrf_secret = "aa"
        # 自動生成標籤的值,加密用的csrf_context
        csrf_context = lambda x: request.url
        # 生成和比較csrf標籤
        csrf_class = MyCSRF

        ########## i18n ##########
        # 是否支持本地化
        # locales = False
        locales = ("zh", "en")
        # 是否對本地化進行緩存
        cache_translations = True
        # 保存本地化緩存信息的字段
        translations_cache = {}


@app.route("/login", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template("login.html", form=form)
    form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():
        print(form.data)
        return redirect("https://www.cnblogs.com/believepd/")
    else:
        print(form.errors)
        return render_template("login.html", form=form)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
View Code

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