1、枚舉java
經過enum關鍵字來實現枚舉,在枚舉中須要注意的有:mysql
1. 枚舉中的屬性必須放在最前面,通常使用大寫字母表示sql
2. 枚舉中能夠和java類同樣定義方法數據庫
3. 枚舉中的構造方法必須是私有的ide
經過一個java類來模擬枚舉的功能:性能
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public abstract class WeekDay { public static final WeekDay SUN = new WeekDay() { @Override public WeekDay nextDay() { return MON; } }; public static final WeekDay MON = new WeekDay() { @Override public WeekDay nextDay() { return SUN; } }; @Override public String toString() { return this == SUN ?"SUN星期天":"MON星期一" ; } public abstract WeekDay nextDay(); public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(WeekDay.SUN.nextDay()); System.out.println(WeekDay.MON.nextDay()); } }
4.能夠在枚舉屬性後面添加()來調用指定參數的構造方法,添加{}來實現其對應的匿名內部類,例如: 測試
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public enum TrafficLamp { RED(30){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return GREEN ; } }, GREEN(20){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return YELLOW ; } }, YELLOW(10){ public TrafficLamp nextLamp() { return RED ; } } ; public abstract TrafficLamp nextLamp() ; private int time ; private TrafficLamp(int time){ this.time = time ; System.out.println(time); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(TrafficLamp.GREEN); } }
2、經過枚舉來實現單例ui
實現單例的核心在於private私有化類中的構造方法,在枚舉中的構造方法必須是私有的,這就爲枚舉來實現單例奠基了基礎。下面以數據源中得到Connection鏈接來舉例:this
在開發中常常是經過數據源來得到數據庫的Connection,數據源的實現方式有多種,最典型的有兩種,一種是C3P0,另一種是DBCP(之後有機會再針對兩種數據源進行討論),這裏以C3P0數據源爲例。因爲數據源的建立與銷燬都是十分消耗性能的,而且系統中有一個數據源通常就能知足開發的要求,所以要將數據源設計爲單例。spa
採用分散配置,建立一個jdbc.propertis文件,其內容以下:
driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liaokailin user = root password = mysqladmin maxPoolSize = 20 minPoolSize = 5
建立一個MyDataBaseSource的枚舉:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.ResourceBundle; import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource; public enum MyDataBaseSource { DATASOURCE; private ComboPooledDataSource cpds = null; private MyDataBaseSource() { try { /*--------獲取properties文件內容------------*/ // 方法一: /* * InputStream is = * MyDBSource.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties"); * Properties p = new Properties(); p.load(is); * System.out.println(p.getProperty("driverClass") ); */ // 方法二:(不須要properties的後綴) /* * ResourceBundle rb = PropertyResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc") ; * System.out.println(rb.getString("driverClass")); */ // 方法三:(不須要properties的後綴) ResourceBundle rs = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc"); cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource(); cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource(); cpds.setDriverClass(rs.getString("driverClass")); cpds.setJdbcUrl(rs.getString("jdbcUrl")); cpds.setUser(rs.getString("user")); cpds.setPassword(rs.getString("password")); cpds.setMaxPoolSize(Integer.parseInt(rs.getString("maxPoolSize"))); cpds.setMinPoolSize(Integer.parseInt(rs.getString("minPoolSize"))); System.out.println("-----調用了構造方法------"); ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public Connection getConnection() { try { return cpds.getConnection(); } catch (SQLException e) { return null; } } }
測試代碼:
package org.lkl.imitate_enum; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; MyDataBaseSource.DATASOURCE.getConnection() ; } }
結果以下:
-----調用了構造方法------ 2013-7-17 17:10:57 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource getPoolManager 信息: Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> 1hge16d8v1tgb0wppydrzz|2c1e6b, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> 1hge16d8v1tgb0wppydrzz|2c1e6b, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 3, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/kaoqin, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 0, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 20, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 5, numHelperThreads -> 3, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, statementCacheNumDeferredCloseThreads -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
很顯然得到了三個Connection鏈接,可是隻調用了一次枚舉的構造方法,從而經過枚舉實現了單例的設計