MySQL-觸發器

一、什麼叫觸發器：
    當知足必定的條件之後，它會觸發一個動做的執行，trigger
二、觸發器的執行不是由程序調用，也不是由手工啓動，而是由事件來觸發、激活從而實現執行
三、觸發器是由必定的事件來觸發的，對錶的增刪改操做、不包括查詢，查詢是沒有觸發器的
四、生產中通常不經過MySQL中觸發器來實現這功能，是經過Java程序、Python程序代碼來實現觸發器
五、建立觸發器：
        CREATE：
            [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
            TRIGGER trigger_name
            trigger_time trigger_event
            ON tbl_name FOR EACH ROW
            trigger_body
        說明：
            trigger_name：觸發器的名稱
            trigger_time：{ BEFORE | AFTER }，表示在事件以前或以後觸發
            trigger_event:：{ INSERT |UPDATE | DELETE }，觸發的具體事件
            tbl_name：該觸發器做用在表名
六、查看觸發器
        SHOW TRIGGERS
        查詢系統表information_schema.triggers的方式指定查詢條件，查看指定的觸發器信息。
        mysql> USE information_schema;
        Database changed
        mysql> SELECT * FROM triggers WHERE
七、刪除觸發器
        DROP TRIGGER trigger_name;
        快速的清空表：truncate table student_info

觸發器示例

建立觸發器，在向學生表INSERT數據時，學生數增長，DELETE學生時，學生數減小
    MariaDB [hellodb]> use db1
    Database changed
    MariaDB [db1]> CREATE TABLE student_info (
        -> stu_id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
        -> stu_name VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
        -> PRIMARY KEY (stu_id)
        -> );
    CREATE TABLE student_count (
    student_count INT(11) DEFAULT 0
    );
    INSERT INTO student_count VALUES(0);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

    MariaDB [db1]> CREATE TABLE student_count (
        -> student_count INT(11) DEFAULT 0
        -> );
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

    MariaDB [db1]> INSERT INTO student_count VALUES(0);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

    MariaDB [db1]> select * from student_info;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)

    建立增長和減小學生數量的觸發器
    MariaDB [db1]> CREATE TRIGGER trigger_student_count_insert
        -> AFTER INSERT
        -> ON student_info FOR EACH ROW
        -> UPDATE student_count SET student_count=student_count+1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    MariaDB [db1]> CREATE TRIGGER trigger_student_count_delete
        -> AFTER DELETE
        -> ON student_info FOR EACH ROW
        -> UPDATE student_count SET student_count=student_count-1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    # 查看建立好的觸發器：
    MariaDB [db1]> show triggers\G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Trigger: trigger_student_count_insert
                   Event: INSERT
                   Table: student_info
               Statement: UPDATE student_count SET student_count=student_count+1
                  Timing: AFTER
                 Created: 2018-10-09 20:27:09.78
                sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
                 Definer: root@localhost
    character_set_client: utf8
    collation_connection: utf8_general_ci
      Database Collation: utf8_general_ci
    *************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Trigger: trigger_student_count_delete
                   Event: DELETE
                   Table: student_info
               Statement: UPDATE student_count SET student_count=student_count-1
                  Timing: AFTER
                 Created: 2018-10-09 20:27:27.31
                sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
                 Definer: root@localhost
    character_set_client: utf8
    collation_connection: utf8_general_ci
      Database Collation: utf8_general_ci
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    查看建好的student_info表，目前是空的
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from student_info;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)

    往裏面插入一條數據；
    MariaDB [db1]> insert student_info values(1,'cobbler');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

    查看student_info表裏面已經有了一條信息
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from student_info;
    +--------+----------+
    | stu_id | stu_name |
    +--------+----------+
    |      1 | cobbler  |
    +--------+----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    查看student_count裏面的統計數，
    MariaDB [db1]> select * from student_count;
    +---------------+
    | student_count |
    +---------------+
    |             1 |
    +---------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)