本篇文章能帶給你以下內容:javascript
- 瞭解key屬性在diff算法中的的做用,以及咱們在代碼中改如何正確的給key賦值
- 深刻diff算法的核心,理解「同層對比」究竟是個什麼鬼
複製代碼
代碼位於:vue項目的src/core/vdom/patch.js
vue
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
if (isUndef(vnode)) {
if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
return
}
let isInitialPatch = false
const insertedVnodeQueue = []
if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
// empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
isInitialPatch = true
createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
// patch existing root node
patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
} else {
if (isRealElement) {
// mounting to a real element
// check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
// a successful hydration.
if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
hydrating = true
}
if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
return oldVnode
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(
'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
'<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
'full client-side render.'
)
}
}
// either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
// create an empty node and replace it
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)
}
// replacing existing element
const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node
createElm(
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
// extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
// leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
// keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
)
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively
if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
let ancestor = vnode.parent
const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
while (ancestor) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
}
ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
if (patchable) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
}
// #6513
// invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
// e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
if (insert.merged) {
// start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
insert.fns[i]()
}
}
} else {
registerRef(ancestor)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// destroy old node
if (isDef(parentElm)) {
removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
}
}
}
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch)
return vnode.elm
}
複製代碼
處理流程大體分爲以下步驟:java
- 當vnode不存在,可是oldVnode存在時須要: 移除oldVnode
- 當oldVnode不存在,可是vnode存在時須要: 建立vnode
- 當vnode和oldVnode均存在時,又分以下狀況:
1.若是vnode和oldVnode是 **同一個** (經過sameVnode()進行比對,後面會詳細講到這個方法)結點,則進行後續對比工做:經過調用patchVnode(),這個方法右面也會詳解
2. 若是vnode和oldVnode是 **不是同一個** 結點,那麼根據vnode建立新元素並掛載至oldVnode的父元素下,同時還須要銷燬oldVnode
複製代碼
function sameVnode (a, b) {
return (
a.key === b.key && (
(
a.tag === b.tag &&
a.isComment === b.isComment &&
isDef(a.data) === isDef(b.data) &&
sameInputType(a, b)
) || (
isTrue(a.isAsyncPlaceholder) &&
a.asyncFactory === b.asyncFactory &&
isUndef(b.asyncFactory.error)
)
)
)
}
複製代碼
從這裏能夠的知道,vue裏面判斷同一個節點是經過:node
因此從這裏能夠知道:key能夠爲vue dom diff提供輔助方法,讓其快速定位是否爲同一個元素,且要保證其惟一性。因此在循環中給元素的key複製最佳實踐是:元素的惟一標識:id或者其餘屬性,而不是列表的index。使用index只會拔苗助長算法
根據前面的邏輯,當判斷oldVnode和vnode是同一個節點以後纔會調用patchVnode()
api
function patchVnode ( oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, ownerArray, index, removeOnly ) {
if (oldVnode === vnode) {
return
}
if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
// clone reused vnode
vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
}
const elm = vnode.elm = oldVnode.elm
if (isTrue(oldVnode.isAsyncPlaceholder)) {
if (isDef(vnode.asyncFactory.resolved)) {
hydrate(oldVnode.elm, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
vnode.isAsyncPlaceholder = true
}
return
}
// reuse element for static trees.
// note we only do this if the vnode is cloned -
// if the new node is not cloned it means the render functions have been
// reset by the hot-reload-api and we need to do a proper re-render.
if (isTrue(vnode.isStatic) &&
isTrue(oldVnode.isStatic) &&
vnode.key === oldVnode.key &&
(isTrue(vnode.isCloned) || isTrue(vnode.isOnce))
) {
vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
return
}
let i
const data = vnode.data
if (isDef(data) && isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.prepatch)) {
i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
const oldCh = oldVnode.children
const ch = vnode.children
if (isDef(data) && isPatchable(vnode)) {
for (i = 0; i < cbs.update.length; ++i) cbs.update[i](oldVnode, vnode)
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.update)) i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
if (isUndef(vnode.text)) {
if (isDef(oldCh) && isDef(ch)) {
if (oldCh !== ch) updateChildren(elm, oldCh, ch, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly)
} else if (isDef(ch)) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(ch)
}
if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
addVnodes(elm, null, ch, 0, ch.length - 1, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else if (isDef(oldCh)) {
removeVnodes(oldCh, 0, oldCh.length - 1)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) {
nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
}
} else if (oldVnode.text !== vnode.text) {
nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, vnode.text)
}
if (isDef(data)) {
if (isDef(i = data.hook) && isDef(i = i.postpatch)) i(oldVnode, vnode)
}
}
複製代碼
大體分爲以下幾個步驟:數組
vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
,而後返回cbs.update[i](oldVnode, vnode)
,更新oldVnode的全部屬性包括:attrs、class、domProps、events、style、ref、directivesupdateChildren()
這個方法很重要,後面會講到上文講到,當oldVnode.children 和vnode.children不相等時會調用本方法:數據結構
function updateChildren (parentElm, oldCh, newCh, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly) {
let oldStartIdx = 0
let newStartIdx = 0
let oldEndIdx = oldCh.length - 1
let oldStartVnode = oldCh[0]
let oldEndVnode = oldCh[oldEndIdx]
let newEndIdx = newCh.length - 1
let newStartVnode = newCh[0]
let newEndVnode = newCh[newEndIdx]
let oldKeyToIdx, idxInOld, vnodeToMove, refElm
// removeOnly is a special flag used only by <transition-group>
// to ensure removed elements stay in correct relative positions
// during leaving transitions
const canMove = !removeOnly
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
checkDuplicateKeys(newCh)
}
while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
if (isUndef(oldStartVnode)) {
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx] // Vnode has been moved left
} else if (isUndef(oldEndVnode)) {
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode)) {
patchVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode)) {
patchVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newEndIdx)
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode)) { // Vnode moved right
patchVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newEndIdx)
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, nodeOps.nextSibling(oldEndVnode.elm))
oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
} else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode)) { // Vnode moved left
patchVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldEndVnode.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
} else {
// idxInOld: newStartVnode 在oldCh列表中的索引
if (isUndef(oldKeyToIdx)) oldKeyToIdx = createKeyToOldIdx(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
idxInOld = isDef(newStartVnode.key)
? oldKeyToIdx[newStartVnode.key]
: findIdxInOld(newStartVnode, oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
if (isUndef(idxInOld)) { // New element
createElm(newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, false, newCh, newStartIdx)
} else {
vnodeToMove = oldCh[idxInOld]
if (sameVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode)) {
patchVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, newCh, newStartIdx)
oldCh[idxInOld] = undefined
canMove && nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, vnodeToMove.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
} else {
// same key but different element. treat as new element
createElm(newStartVnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, oldStartVnode.elm, false, newCh, newStartIdx)
}
}
newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
}
}
if (oldStartIdx > oldEndIdx) {
refElm = isUndef(newCh[newEndIdx + 1]) ? null : newCh[newEndIdx + 1].elm
addVnodes(parentElm, refElm, newCh, newStartIdx, newEndIdx, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else if (newStartIdx > newEndIdx) {
removeVnodes(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
}
}
複製代碼
對比的整體思路就是:頭對頭,尾對尾,頭對尾,尾對頭app
question: 爲何會有頭對尾,尾對頭這種對比? answer: 這樣能夠更快的處理數組的reverse()這種狀況dom
若是以上4種狀況都沒有get到該怎麼辦?
else
1.爲oldCh建立一個key Map
2.在key Map中找到newStartVnode.key的index(這裏須要注意,若是咱們編碼時沒有給出節點的key,會走下面的第三步,直接建立新元素。很顯然:元素的建立比移動操做更消耗性能)
3.若是沒有找到index則認爲newStartVnode是一個新元素,直接建立
4.若是找到了index,經過sameVnode()
比對
4.1 比對成功:則繼續調用`patchVnode()`同時在父節點下插入newNode
4.2 比對失敗:(雖然他們具備相同的key,但不是同一個元素),當新元素對待,直接建立
複製代碼
1-5是一個while循環,每一次循環都會縮小對比範圍,直至全部子節點均對比完成。下面用一個例子來講明。
eg:
<li v-for="letter in list" :key="letter">
{{letter}}
</li>
複製代碼
如下爲list的數據結構:
before: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
after: ['C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'A', 'B']
如下爲調用updateChildren()中while循環後的每一次的結果:
round1: ["C", "A", "B", "D", "E"]
round2: ["C", "D", "A", "B", "E"]
round3: ["C", "D", "E", "A", "B"]
到這裏子元素的位置已經調換完成了,可是實際上後面還需有,round4/5/6/7,可是子節點的位置已經和round3一致,都是 ["C", "D", "E", "A", "B"]
question:既然到第三步就已經完成了,那爲甚還會有多餘的四、五、六、7步驟?
answer: while循環的跳出依據是:oldChildren循環完成且newChildren也循環完成,因此會出現如此現象。這樣能保證兩個children中的全部節點都遍歷到
到這裏vue dom diff算法基本算講完了,總結爲以下幾點:
sameVnode()
進行比對後操做