Redis系列一：Redis介紹

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 redis 系列介紹欄目 Redis 简体版

原文原文鏈接

以前看了《Redis入門指南》第二版，在有道上零零散散的記錄些內容，如今以爲仍是有必要整理完善下，方便本身查看哈😄php

redis的安裝，書籍以及網絡資料一大堆，我就不在此贅述了。html

1、什麼是Redis

Redis 是一個開源（BSD許可）的，是一種基於鍵值對（key-value）內存中的數據結構存儲系統，它能夠用做數據庫、緩存和消息中間件。它支持多種類型的數據結構，如字符串（strings），散列（hashes），列表（lists），集合（sets），有序集合（sorted sets）與範圍查詢， bitmap s， hyperl 和地理空間（geospatial）索引半徑查詢。 Redis 內置了複製（replication）， LUA腳本（Lua scripting）， LRU驅動事件（LRU eviction），事務（transactions）和不一樣級別的磁盤持久化（persistence），並經過 Redis哨兵（Sentinel）和自動分區（Cluster）提供高可用性（high availability）。

2、Redis特性

一、速度快，數據放在內存中，由C語言編寫，官方提供的數據是能夠達到10w+/s的qps，與機器性能也有關。這個數據不比採用單進程多線程的一樣基於內存的kv數據庫Memcached差java

1）徹底基於內存；

2）數據結構簡單，對數據操做也簡單；

3）採用單線程架構（使用多路I/O複用模型），預防多線程可能產生的競爭問題。

二、鍵值對的數據結構

三、豐富的功能：數據庫、緩存、消息中間件。。

四、簡單穩定：單線程

五、持久化：發生斷電或機器故障，數據可能會丟失，持久化到硬盤

六、主從複製：實現多個相同數據的redis副本

七、高可用和分佈式：哨兵機制實現高可用，保證redis節點故障發現和自動轉移

八、客戶端多語言：java php python c c++ nodejs等

3、Redis應用場景

一、緩存：合理使用緩存，加快訪問數據的速度，下降後端數據源的壓力node

二、排行版：按照熱度排名，按照發布時間排名，主要用到列表和有序集合python

三、計數器應用：視頻網站播放數，網站瀏覽數，使用redis計數c++

四、社交網絡：踩、贊、粉絲、下拉刷新redis

五、消息隊列：發佈和訂閱算法

4、Redis使用（主要介紹Java版）

Jedis是Redis官方推薦的Java鏈接開發工具，要在Java開發中使用好Redis中間件，必須熟悉Jedis。數據庫

Jedis的基本使用很是簡單，只須要建立Jedis對象的時候指定host，port, password便可。固然，Jedis對象又不少構造方法，都大同小異，只是對應和Redis鏈接的socket的參數不同而已。簡單使用以下圖所示：後端

引入Jedis依賴包

<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
    <type>jar</type>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Jedis鏈接redis三種模式：

單機模式
分片模式
集羣模式（since3.0）

一、使用單機模式鏈接

建立Jedis對象，set方法存儲key-value值，get方法獲取key對應的值，主要用於單個redis。

下圖爲Jedis類結構的關係圖：

每個接口都表明了一類Redis命令，例如JedisCommands中包含了SET GET等命令，MultiKeyCommands中包含了針對多個Key的MSET MGET等命令。

1）redis java String示例

Jedis jedis = new Jedis("192.168.56.180", 6379);
//jedis.auth("123456"); // 若在redis配置中配置了權限密碼，這裏須要設置
jedis.set("Jedis", "Hello Work!");
System.out.println(jedis.get("Jedis")); 
jedis.close();

2）redis java List 示例

 /***
     * 列表
     */
    @Test
    public void testList() {
        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========添加一個list===========");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "HashSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeMap");
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));//-1表明倒數第一個元素，-2表明倒數第二個元素
        System.out.println("collections區間0-3的元素："+jedis.lrange("collections",0,3));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        // 刪除列表指定的值 ，第二個參數爲刪除的個數（有重複時），後add進去的值先被刪，相似於出棧
        System.out.println("刪除指定元素個數："+jedis.lrem("collections", 2, "HashMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("刪除下表0-3區間以外的元素："+jedis.ltrim("collections", 0, 3));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出棧（左端）："+jedis.lpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應："+jedis.rpush("collections", "EnumMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出棧（右端）："+jedis.rpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("修改collections指定下標1的內容："+jedis.lset("collections", 1, "LinkedArrayList"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println("collections的長度："+jedis.llen("collections"));
        System.out.println("獲取collections下標爲2的元素："+jedis.lindex("collections", 2));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedList"));
        System.out.println("sortedList排序後："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
    }

3) redis java Keys 示例

Jedis jedis = new Jedis("192.168.56.180", 6379);
Set<String> keys = Jedis.keys("*");
Iterator<String> it = keys.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
  String key = ite.next();
  System.out.println(key);
}
jedis.close();

4）redis java set示例

 /***
     * set集合
     */
    @Test
    public void testSet() {
        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("刪除一個元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("刪除兩個元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7","e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的個數："+jedis.scard("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5"));
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8"));
        System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e1並存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1"));
        System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e2並存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet3"));
        System.out.println("============集合運算=================");
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的並集:"+jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有，eleSet2中沒有
    }

5）redis java hash示例

/***
     * 散列
     */
    @Test
    public void testHash() {
        jedis.flushDB();
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
        map.put("key1","value1");
        map.put("key2","value2");
        map.put("key3","value3");
        map.put("key4","value4");
        jedis.hmset("hash",map);
        jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5");
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵爲："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部值爲："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String>
        System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，若是key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，若是key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("刪除一個或者多個鍵值對："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("散列hash中鍵值對的個數："+jedis.hlen("hash"));
        System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2"));
        System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4"));
    }

6）redis java zset示例

 /**
     * 有序集合
     */
    @Test
    public void testSortedSet() {
        jedis.flushDB();
        Map<String,Double> map = new HashMap<String,Double>();
        map.put("key2",1.2);
        map.put("key3",4.0);
        map.put("key4",5.0);
        map.put("key5",0.2);
        System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeWithScores("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeByScore("zset", 0,100));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeByScoreWithScores("zset", 0,100));
        System.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2"));
        System.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2"));
        System.out.println("刪除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3"));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中元素的個數："+jedis.zcard("zset"));
        System.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4));
        System.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2"));
        System.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3"));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
    }

7）redis java sort 示例

/**
     * 排序
     */
    @Test
    public void testSort()
    {
        jedis.flushDB();
        jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        SortingParams sortingParameters = new SortingParams();
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("collections",sortingParameters.alpha()));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.asc()));
        System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.desc()));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "33");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "22");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "55");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "11");
        jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66");
        jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55");
        jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33");
        jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79");
        jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24");
        jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing");
        jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai");
        jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou");
        jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing");
        jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an");
        sortingParameters = new SortingParams();
        sortingParameters.get("user:*->name");
        sortingParameters.get("user:*->add");
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingParameters));
    }
}

8）部分其餘命令

Jedis jedis = new Jedis("192.168.56.180", 6379);
System.out.println("清空數據："+jedis.flushDB());
System.out.println("判斷某個鍵是否存在："+jedis.exists("username"));
System.out.println("新增<'username','wukong'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("username", "wukong"));
System.out.println("是否存在:"+jedis.exists("name"));
System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("password", "password"));
Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");
System.out.println("系統中全部的鍵以下："+keys);
System.out.println("刪除鍵password:"+jedis.del("password"));
System.out.println("判斷鍵password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password"));
System.out.println("設置鍵username的過時時間爲5s:"+jedis.expire("username", 5));
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩餘生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));
System.out.println("移除鍵username的生存時間："+jedis.persist("username"));
System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩餘生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));
System.out.println("查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型："+jedis.type("username"));
System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3"));
System.out.println("在key3後面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "End"));
System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3"));
System.out.println("增長多個鍵值對："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03"));
System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));
System.out.println("刪除多個鍵值對："+jedis.del(new String[]{"key01","key02"}));
System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));

jedis.flushDB();
System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值==============");
System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1"));
System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2"));
System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new"));
System.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));
System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對並設置有效時間=============");
System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3"));
System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));

System.out.println("===========獲取原值，更新爲新值==========");//GETSET is an atomic set this value and return the old value command.
System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet"));
System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

System.out.println("得到key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4));

//整數、浮點數
jedis.flushDB();
jedis.set("key1", "1");
jedis.set("key2", "2");
jedis.set("key3", "2.3");
System.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
System.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
System.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1"));
System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
System.out.println("key2的值減1："+jedis.decr("key2"));
System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
System.out.println("將key1的值加上整數5："+jedis.incrBy("key1", 5));
System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
System.out.println("將key2的值減去整數5："+jedis.decrBy("key2", 5));
System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));

二、使用分片模式鏈接

GenericObjectPoolConfig config=new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
config.setMaxIdle(32); 
config.setMinIdle(12);
config.setTestOnBorrow(true); 
config.setTestOnReturn(rtrue);
config.setTestWhileIdle(true);
List<JedisShardInfo> shards = new ArrayList<JedisShardInfo>(); 
for (int i = 0; i < shareds.size(); i++) {
     shards.add(new JedisShardInfo("192.168.56.180", 6379, 200)); 
}
// 構造池 
ShardedJedisPool shardedJedisPool= new ShardedJedisPool(config, shards);
ShardedJedis jedis=shardedJedisPool.getResource();
jedis.set("a","b");
jedis.hmset(key, hash,value);
jedis.close();

如下是使用JedisPool的方式：

public class RedisUtils {
static {

        String configurationFileName = "xxx.properties";
        Configuration conf = Configuration.getConfiguration(configurationFileName);
        if (conf == null) {
            System.out.println("reading " + configurationFileName + " is failed.");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        String[] ADDRs = conf.getString("redisIP", "192.168.56.180").split(",");
        String[] PORTs = conf.getString("redisPort", "6379").split(",");

        if (ADDRs.length == 0 || PORTs.length == 0) {
            System.out.println("definition redisIP is not found in " + configurationFileName);
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
        config.setMaxIdle(MAX_IDLE);
        config.setTestOnBorrow(TEST_ON_BORROW);
        jedisPool = new JedisPool(config, ADDRs[0], PORT, TIMEOUT);
    }

    public synchronized static Jedis getJedis() {
        if (jedisPool != null) {
            //獲取資源
            Jedis resource = jedisPool.getResource();
            return resource;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void returnBrokenResource(Jedis jedis) {
        if (jedis != null) {
            //釋放資源
            jedisPool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);

        }
    }

    public static void returnResource(Jedis jedis) {
        if (jedis != null) {
            //釋放資源
            jedisPool.returnResource(jedis);
        }
    }
}

三、集羣模式JedisCluster

Jediscluster類圖和jedis類圖大體同樣，不過jedisCluster有一些命令是不可用的。好比BinaryJedisCluster類被做廢的命令。主要是用在集羣中。

示例：

/**
 * 集羣環境下Jedis操做
 */
public class Cluster {
    private static JedisCluster jedis;
    static {
        // 添加集羣的服務節點Set集合
        Set<HostAndPort> hostAndPortsSet = new HashSet<HostAndPort>();
        // 添加節點
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.180", 7777));
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.180", 8888));
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.181", 7777));
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.181", 8888));
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.182", 7777));
        hostAndPortsSet.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.56.182", 8888));

        // Jedis鏈接池配置
        JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
        // 最大空閒鏈接數, 默認8個
        jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(100);
        // 最大鏈接數, 默認8個
        jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(500);
        //最小空閒鏈接數, 默認0
        jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(0);
        // 獲取鏈接時的最大等待毫秒數(若是設置爲阻塞時BlockWhenExhausted),若是超時就拋異常, 小於零:阻塞不肯定的時間,  默認-1
        jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(2000); // 設置2秒
        //對拿到的connection進行validateObject校驗
        jedisPoolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(true);
        jedis = new JedisCluster(hostAndPortsSet, jedisPoolConfig);
    }

    /**
     * 測試key:value數據
     * 集羣中flushDB、keys廢棄
     */
    @Test
    public void testKey() throws InterruptedException {
        //System.out.println("清空數據："+jedis.flushDB());
        System.out.println("判斷某個鍵是否存在："+jedis.exists("username"));
        System.out.println("新增<'username','wukong'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("username", "xiaohai"));
        System.out.println("是否存在:"+jedis.exists("username"));
        System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("password", "123456"));
        //Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");
        // System.out.println("系統中全部的鍵以下："+keys);
        System.out.println("刪除鍵password:"+jedis.del("password"));
        System.out.println("判斷鍵password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password"));
        System.out.println("設置鍵username的過時時間爲10s:"+jedis.expire("username", 10));
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); // 線程睡眠2秒System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩餘生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));
        System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩餘生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));
        System.out.println("移除鍵username的生存時間："+jedis.persist("username"));
        System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩餘生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));
        System.out.println("查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型："+jedis.type("username"));
    }

    /***
     * 字符串操做
     * memcached和redis一樣有append的操做，可是memcached有prepend的操做，redis中並無。
     * 集羣中flushDB、keys、del(多個值)、mset(多個值)廢棄
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    @Test
    public void testString() throws InterruptedException {
        //jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========增長數據===========");
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3"));
        System.out.println("刪除鍵key2:"+jedis.del("key2"));
        System.out.println("獲取鍵key2:"+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1Changed"));
        System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("在key3後面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "End"));
        System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3"));
        //命令的時候纔會去鏈接鏈接，集羣中鏈接是對一個節點鏈接，不能判斷多個key通過crc16算法所對應的槽在一個節點上，不支持多key獲取、刪除
        //System.out.println("增長多個鍵值對："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02"));
        //System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
        //System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));
        //System.out.println("刪除多個鍵值對："+jedis.del(new String[]{"key01","key02"}));
        //System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));

        //jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值==============");
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

        System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對並設置有效時間=============");
        System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));

        System.out.println("===========獲取原值，更新爲新值==========");//GETSET is an atomic set this value and return the old value command.
        System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("得到key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4)); // 至關截取字符串的第二個位置-第四個位置的字符串
    }

    /***
     * 整數和浮點數
     */
    @Test
    public void testNumber() {
        jedis.set("key1", "1");
        jedis.set("key2", "2");
        jedis.set("key3", "2.3");
        System.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1"));
        System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("key2的值減1："+jedis.decr("key2"));
        System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("將key1的值加上整數5："+jedis.incrBy("key1", 5));
        System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("將key2的值減去整數5："+jedis.decrBy("key2", 5));
        System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3"));
        // 這裏會報錯，由於key3不是整數不能作計算:redis.clients.jedis.exceptions.JedisDataException: ERR value is not an integer or out of range
        // System.out.println("key2的值減1："+jedis.decr("key3"));
    }

    /***
     * 列表
     */
    @Test
    public void testList() {
        System.out.println("===========添加一個list===========");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "HashSet"); // 疊加
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeSet"); // 疊加
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeMap"); // 疊加
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));//-1表明倒數第一個元素，-2表明倒數第二個元素
        System.out.println("collections區間0-3的元素："+jedis.lrange("collections",0,3)); // 前面4個值
        System.out.println("===============================");
        // 刪除列表指定的值 ，第二個參數爲刪除的個數（有重複時），後add進去的值先被刪，相似於出棧
        System.out.println("刪除指定元素個數："+jedis.lrem("collections", 2, "HashMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("刪除下表0-3區間以外的元素："+jedis.ltrim("collections", 0, 3));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出棧（左端）："+jedis.lpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應："+jedis.rpush("collections", "EnumMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出棧（右端）："+jedis.rpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("修改collections指定下標1的內容："+jedis.lset("collections", 1, "LinkedArrayList"));
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println("collections的長度："+jedis.llen("collections"));
        System.out.println("獲取collections下標爲2的元素："+jedis.lindex("collections", 2));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedList"));
        System.out.println("sortedList排序後："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
    }

    /***
     * set集合
     */
    @Test
    public void testSet() {
        System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6")); // 返回0，集合中已經存在
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("刪除一個元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("刪除兩個元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7","e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的全部元素爲："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的個數："+jedis.scard("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1"));
        System.out.println("e5是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5"));

        // 集羣下並存會報錯：redis.clients.jedis.exceptions.JedisClusterException: No way to dispatch this command to Redis Cluster because keys have different slots.
        // Redis集羣，從key1集合與key2集合並存、交集、差集，兩個鍵通過crc16算法可能有不一樣的槽。
        /*System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8"));
        System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e1並存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1"));
        System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e2並存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet3"));*/

        /*System.out.println("============集合運算=================");
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的並集:"+jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));*/
        jedis.del("eleSet");
        jedis.del("eleSet1");
        jedis.del("eleSet2");
        jedis.del("eleSet3");
    }

    /***
     * 散列
     */
    @Test
    public void testHash() {
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
        map.put("key1","value1");
        map.put("key2","value2");
        map.put("key3","value3");
        map.put("key4","value4");
        jedis.hmset("hash",map);
        jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5");
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵爲："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部值爲："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String>
        System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，若是key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，若是key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("刪除一個或者多個鍵值對："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));
        System.out.println("散列hash的全部鍵值對爲："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("散列hash中鍵值對的個數："+jedis.hlen("hash"));
        System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2"));
        System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4"));
    }

    /**
     * 有序集合
     */
    @Test
    public void testSortedSet() {
        Map<String,Double> map = new HashMap<String,Double>();
        map.put("key2",1.2);
        map.put("key3",4.0);
        map.put("key4",5.0);
        map.put("key5",0.2);
        // 將一個或多個 member 元素及其 score 值加入到有序集 key 當中，若是某個 member 已是有序集的成員，那麼更新這個 member 的 score 值
        // score 值能夠是整數值或雙精度浮點數
        System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeWithScores("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeByScore("zset", 0,100));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrangeByScoreWithScores("zset", 0,100));
        System.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2"));
        System.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2"));
        System.out.println("刪除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3"));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("zset中元素的個數："+jedis.zcard("zset"));
        System.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4));
        System.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2"));
        System.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3"));
        System.out.println("zset中的全部元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
    }

    /**
     * 排序
     */
    @Test
    public void testSort() {
        jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");
        System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        SortingParams sortingParameters = new SortingParams();
        // 當數據集中保存的是字符串值時，你能夠用 ALPHA,默認是升序
        System.out.println("alpha排序方式：" + jedis.sort("collections",sortingParameters.alpha()));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.asc()));
        System.out.println("降序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.desc()));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        // 集羣下不支持分割表排序
        /*jedis.lpush("userlist", "33");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "22");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "55");
        jedis.lpush("userlist", "11");
        jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66");
        jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55");
        jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33");
        jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79");
        jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24");
        jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing");
        jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai");
        jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou");
        jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing");
        jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an");
        sortingParameters = new SortingParams();
        // 符號 "->" 用於分割哈希表的鍵名(key name)和索引域(hash field)，格式爲 "key->field"
        sortingParameters.get("user:*->name");
        sortingParameters.get("user:*->add");
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingParameters));*/
    }