在解讀Dep,Observer和Watcher以前,首先我去了解了一下Vue的數據雙向綁定,即MVVM,學習於:https://blog.csdn.net/u013321...
以及關於Observer和watcher的學習來自於:https://www.jb51.net/article/...javascript
Vue實例化一個對象的具體過程以下:vue
每當有數據改變,都將通知相應的Watcher執行回調函數,更新視圖。java
在這個過程當中:node
接下來咱們來分析一下對象具體的代碼實現。react
var Observer = function Observer (value) { this.value = value; this.dep = new Dep(); this.vmCount = 0; // 給value添加__ob__屬性,值就是本Observer對象,value.__ob__ = this; // Vue.$data 中每一個對象都 __ob__ 屬性,包括 Vue.$data對象自己 def(value, '__ob__', this); //判斷是否爲數組,不是的話調用walk()添加getter和setter //若是是數組,調用observeArray()遍歷數組,爲數組內每一個對象添加getter和setter if (Array.isArray(value)) { var augment = hasProto ? protoAugment : copyAugment; augment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys); this.observeArray(value); } else { this.walk(value); } };
// 遍歷每一個屬性並將它們轉換爲getter/setter。只有當值類型爲對象時才調用此方法。 Observer.prototype.walk = function walk (obj) { var keys = Object.keys(obj); for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { defineReactive(obj, keys[i]); } }; function defineReactive ( obj, key, val, customSetter, shallow ) { var dep = new Dep(); var property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key); if (property && property.configurable === false) { return } //獲取已經實現的 getter /setter 方法 var getter = property && property.get; var setter = property && property.set; if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) { val = obj[key]; } var childOb = !shallow && observe(val); Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, get: function reactiveGetter () { var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val; //Dep.target 全局變量指向的就是當前正在解析指令的Complie生成的 Watcher // 會執行到 dep.addSub(Dep.target), 將 Watcher 添加到 Dep 對象的 Watcher 列表中 if (Dep.target) { dep.depend(); if (childOb) { childOb.dep.depend(); if (Array.isArray(value)) { dependArray(value); } } } return value }, set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) { var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val; /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */ if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) { return } /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */ if ("development" !== 'production' && customSetter) { customSetter(); } if (setter) { setter.call(obj, newVal); } else { val = newVal; } childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal); dep.notify();//若是數據被從新賦值了, 調用 Dep 的 notify 方法, 通知全部的 Watcher } }); }
Observer.prototype.observeArray = function observeArray (items) { for (var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) { // 若是是數組繼續執行 observe 方法, 其中會繼續新建 Observer 對象, 直到窮舉完畢執行 walk 方法 observe(items[i]); } }; function observe (value, asRootData) { if (!isObject(value) || value instanceof VNode) { return } var ob; if (hasOwn(value, '__ob__') && value.__ob__ instanceof Observer) { ob = value.__ob__; } else if ( shouldObserve && !isServerRendering() && (Array.isArray(value) || isPlainObject(value)) && Object.isExtensible(value) && !value._isVue ) { ob = new Observer(value); } if (asRootData && ob) { ob.vmCount++; } return ob }
// Dep是訂閱者Watcher對應的數據依賴 var Dep = function Dep () { //每一個Dep都有惟一的ID this.id = uid++; //subs用於存放依賴 this.subs = []; }; //向subs數組添加依賴 Dep.prototype.addSub = function addSub (sub) { this.subs.push(sub); }; //移除依賴 Dep.prototype.removeSub = function removeSub (sub) { remove(this.subs, sub); }; //設置某個Watcher的依賴 //這裏添加了Dep.target是否存在的判斷,目的是判斷是否是Watcher的構造函數調用 //也就是說判斷他是Watcher的this.get調用的,而不是普通調用 Dep.prototype.depend = function depend () { if (Dep.target) { Dep.target.addDep(this); } }; Dep.prototype.notify = function notify () { var subs = this.subs.slice(); //通知全部綁定 Watcher。調用watcher的update() for (var i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) { subs[i].update(); } };
在initMixin()初始化完成Vue實例全部的配置以後,在最後根據el是否存在,調用$mount()實現掛載。express
if (vm.$options.el) { vm.$mount(vm.$options.el); }
//這是供外部使用的公共的方法 Vue.prototype.$mount = function ( el, hydrating ) { el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined; return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating) };
function mountComponent ( vm, el, hydrating ) { vm.$el = el; //這個if判斷目的在檢測vm.$options.render if (!vm.$options.render) { vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode; { if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') || vm.$options.el || el) { warn( 'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' + 'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' + 'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.', vm ); } else { warn( 'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.', vm ); } } } // 調用鉤子函數 callHook(vm, 'beforeMount'); // 定義updateComponent,將做爲Watcher對象的參數傳入。 var updateComponent; /* istanbul ignore if */ if ("development" !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) { updateComponent = function () { var name = vm._name; var id = vm._uid; var startTag = "vue-perf-start:" + id; var endTag = "vue-perf-end:" + id; mark(startTag); var vnode = vm._render(); mark(endTag); measure(("vue " + name + " render"), startTag, endTag); mark(startTag); vm._update(vnode, hydrating); mark(endTag); measure(("vue " + name + " patch"), startTag, endTag); }; } else { updateComponent = function () { vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating); }; } new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, { before: function before () { if (vm._isMounted) { callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate'); } } }, true /* isRenderWatcher */); hydrating = false; // 調用鉤子 if (vm.$vnode == null) { vm._isMounted = true; callHook(vm, 'mounted'); } return vm }
mountComponent在構造新的Watcher對象傳了當前vue實例、updateComponent函數、空函數這三個參數。segmentfault
var Watcher = function Watcher ( vm, expOrFn, cb, options, isRenderWatcher ) { this.vm = vm; if (isRenderWatcher) { vm._watcher = this; } // 當前Watcher添加到vue實例上 vm._watchers.push(this); // 參數配置,options默認false if (options) { this.deep = !!options.deep; this.user = !!options.user; this.computed = !!options.computed; this.sync = !!options.sync; this.before = options.before; } else { this.deep = this.user = this.computed = this.sync = false; } this.cb = cb; this.id = ++uid$1; // uid for batching this.active = true; this.dirty = this.computed; //用於計算屬性 this.deps = []; this.newDeps = []; //內容不可重複的數組對象 this.depIds = new _Set(); this.newDepIds = new _Set(); this.expression = expOrFn.toString(); //將watcher對象的getter設爲updateComponent方法 if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') { this.getter = expOrFn; } else { this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn); if (!this.getter) { this.getter = function () {}; "development" !== 'production' && warn( "Failed watching path: \"" + expOrFn + "\" " + 'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' + 'For full control, use a function instead.', vm ); } } //若是是計算屬性,就建立Dep數據依賴,不然經過get獲取value if (this.computed) { this.value = undefined; this.dep = new Dep(); } else { this.value = this.get(); } }; };
Watcher.prototype.get = function get () { pushTarget(this);//將Dep的target添加到targetStack,同時Dep的target賦值爲當前watcher對象 var value; var vm = this.vm; try { // 調用updateComponent方法 value = this.getter.call(vm, vm); } catch (e) { if (this.user) { handleError(e, vm, ("getter for watcher \"" + (this.expression) + "\"")); } else { throw e } } finally { // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as // dependencies for deep watching if (this.deep) { traverse(value); } popTarget();//update執行完成後,又將Dep.target從targetStack彈出。 this.cleanupDeps(); } return value }; //這是全局惟一的,由於任什麼時候候均可能只有一個watcher正在評估。 Dep.target = null; var targetStack = []; function pushTarget (_target) { if (Dep.target) { targetStack.push(Dep.target); } Dep.target = _target; } function popTarget () { Dep.target = targetStack.pop(); }
Watcher的get方法實際上就是調用了updateComponent方法,updateComponent就是數組
updateComponent = function() { vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating); };
調用這個函數會接着調用_update函數更新dom,這個是掛載到vue原型的方法,而_render方法從新渲染了vnode。緩存
Vue.prototype._render = function () { var vm = this; var ref = vm.$options; var render = ref.render; var _parentVnode = ref._parentVnode; // reset _rendered flag on slots for duplicate slot check { for (var key in vm.$slots) { // $flow-disable-line vm.$slots[key]._rendered = false; } } if (_parentVnode) { vm.$scopedSlots = _parentVnode.data.scopedSlots || emptyObject; } // set parent vnode. this allows render functions to have access // to the data on the placeholder node. vm.$vnode = _parentVnode; // render self var vnode; try { vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement); } catch (e) { handleError(e, vm, "render"); // return error render result, // or previous vnode to prevent render error causing blank component /* istanbul ignore else */ { if (vm.$options.renderError) { try { vnode = vm.$options.renderError.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement, e); } catch (e) { handleError(e, vm, "renderError"); vnode = vm._vnode; } } else { vnode = vm._vnode; } } } // return empty vnode in case the render function errored out if (!(vnode instanceof VNode)) { if ("development" !== 'production' && Array.isArray(vnode)) { warn( 'Multiple root nodes returned from render function. Render function ' + 'should return a single root node.', vm ); } vnode = createEmptyVNode(); } // set parent vnode.parent = _parentVnode; return vnode };
//當依賴項改變時調用。前面有提到。 Watcher.prototype.update = function update () { var this$1 = this; /* istanbul ignore else */ //是否計算屬性 if (this.computed) { if (this.dep.subs.length === 0) { this.dirty = true; } else { this.getAndInvoke(function () { this$1.dep.notify(); }); } //是否緩存 } else if (this.sync) { //調用run方法執行回調函數 this.run(); } else { queueWatcher(this); } }; Watcher.prototype.run = function run () { if (this.active) { //這裏的cb就是指watcher的回調函數 this.getAndInvoke(this.cb); } }; Watcher.prototype.getAndInvoke = function getAndInvoke (cb) { var value = this.get(); if (value !== this.value ||isObject(value) ||this.deep) { //設置新的值 var oldValue = this.value; this.value = value; this.dirty = false; if (this.user) { try { cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue); } catch (e) { handleError(e, this.vm, ("callback for watcher \"" + (this.expression) + "\"")); } } else { //執行回調函數 cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue); } } };
關於Vue數據雙向綁定的文章不少,查看越多資料越以爲本身只是淺薄,要更努力才行啊。
學習到比較系統思路的來自於:https://segmentfault.com/a/11...
十分感謝dom