網絡模式html
容器網絡訪問原理node
橋接宿主機網絡和配置固定IP地址mysql
Docker 支持五種網絡模式:git
一、網絡模式: --net github
1.1 bridge web
默認網絡,Docker啓動後默認建立一個docker0網橋,默認建立的容器也是添加到這個網橋中sql
1.2 hostdocker
容器不會得到一個獨立的network namespace,而是和宿主機共用一個,使用方法 --net host,這個通常用的比較小,這種狀況下,好比說咱們容器啓用了80的端口,其實也就是佔用了宿主機的80端口ubuntu
1.3 nonebash
獲取獨立的network namespace,但不爲容器進行任何網絡配置,進去沒有eth0網絡,可是有獨立的網絡空間
1.4 container
和指定的容器使用同一個network namespace,網卡配置也是相同的,(多個容器能夠指定共用一個網絡)
1.5 自定義
自定義網橋,默認和bridge網絡同樣
bridge:
[root@node02 ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE c8f4ff0091d8 bridge bridge local 88e3f6329cf3 host host local 173e62eaa733 lnmp bridge local b6d9db4c6d31 none null local [root@node02 ~]# docker inspect lnmp [ { "Name": "lnmp", "Id": "173e62eaa733c8783e1d6ee0cb4e65afab7b4469d0eb36a034ccd43e84650da7", "Created": "2018-09-10T18:12:55.98358342+08:00", "Scope": "local", "Driver": "bridge", "EnableIPv6": false, "IPAM": { "Driver": "default", "Options": {}, "Config": [ { "Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1" } ] }, "Internal": false, "Attachable": false, "Ingress": false, "ConfigFrom": { "Network": "" }, "ConfigOnly": false, "Containers": { "306965c1bd589f8f6fe754280b5daeb724153fac8137837c9328acdfacad7cda": { "Name": "lnmp_web", "EndpointID": "bdddc0a754cb30c1c3d7fa512dfb3f620daee665c8ce19fd2a9ab433443aaccb", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "91bba818c0e5d246794d66898e33e5947d6995302f428128dd83e97989781635": { "Name": "lnmp_mysql", "EndpointID": "db553cf6aa4e294731da08cd7a9754a3183b62faa565d4e72b19c4412d4e98dd", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16", "IPv6Address": "" } }, "Options": {}, "Labels": {} } ] [root@node02 ~]# ifconfig br-173e62eaa733: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255 inet6 fe80::42:9bff:fe5d:dd78 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 02:42:9b:5d:dd:78 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 3406918 bytes 299604640 (285.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 3406918 bytes 299604640 (285.7 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.30.39.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.30.39.255 inet6 fe80::42:50ff:fe75:a932 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 02:42:50:75:a9:32 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 52 bytes 5776 (5.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 69 bytes 6044 (5.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 默認狀況下docker的網絡方式是bridge,在宿主機會建立一個網橋docker0
Docker 容器的網絡的訪問原理:
veth 是一個虛擬的網絡設備和Docker的eth一對一對應
這裏咱們裝一下查看網橋的工具
yum install -y bridge-utils
bridge show
而後docker0 經過轉發和宿主機的eth0進行轉發和外部網絡通訊
容器訪問外部
# iptables -t nat -nL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
MASQUERADE all -- 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
外部訪問容器
# iptables -t nat -nL
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
target prot opt source destination
DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:88 to:172.18.0.2:80
橋接宿主機網絡與配置固定IP地址 臨時生效: # 網橋名稱 br_name=br0 # 添加網橋 brctl addbr $br_name # 給網橋設置IP ip addr add 192.168.0.211(宿主機IP)/24 dev $br_name # 刪除已存在的eth0網卡配置 ip addr del 192.168.0.211/24 dev eth0 # 激活網橋 ip link set $br_name up # 添加eth0到網橋 brctl addif $br_name eth0 # 添加路由 ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 dev br0
執行上面的腳本,br0就具備物理網卡了 還須要在Docker啓動時橋接這個網橋: # vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -b=br0 # systemctl restart docker 永久生效: # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0 # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.0.211 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 DNS1=114.114.114.114
pipework工具配置容器固定IP
git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
docker run -itd --net=none --name test01 ubuntu
pipework br0 test01 192.168.0.123/24@192.168.0.1
這個配置過網絡以後,容器獲得的IP和宿主機是在一個網段的,這個時候能夠上外網了。可是這個時候咱們要是重啓這個容器的話docker restart test01,這個容器的IP就沒有了
咱們看一下這個腳本
C_ID=$(docker run -itd --net=none ubuntu) C_PID=$(docker inspect -f '{{.State.Pid}}' $C_ID) # 建立network namespace目錄並將容器的network namespace軟鏈接到此目錄,以便ip netns命令讀取 mkdir -p /var/run/netns ln -s /proc/$C_PID/ns/net /var/run/netns/$C_PID # 添加虛擬網卡veth+容器PID,類型是veth pair,名稱是vp+容器PID ip link add veth$C_PID type veth peer name vp$C_PID # 添加虛擬網卡到br0網橋 brctl addif br0 veth$C_PID # 激活虛擬網卡 ip link set veth$C_PID up # 設置容器網絡信息 IP='192.168.0.123/24' GW='192.168.0.1' # 給進程配置一個network namespace ip link set vp$C_PID netns $C_PID # 在容器進程裏面設置網卡信息 ip netns exec $C_PID ip link set dev vp$C_PID name eth0 ip netns exec $C_PID ip link set eth0 up ip netns exec $C_PID ip addr add $IP dev eth0 ip netns exec $C_PID ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
博客總結來源於:http://edu.51cto.com/course/10659.html