jest (讓人愉悅的測試框架)

jest (讓人愉悅的測試框架)

1 什麼是 Jest

Jest 是 Facebook 的一套開源的 JavaScript 測試框架,它自動集成了斷言、JSDom、覆蓋率報告等開發者所須要的全部測試工具,是一款幾乎零配置的測試框架。react

2 安裝

使用 yarn 安裝  Jestandroid

yarn add --dev jest
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或 npm:正則表達式

npm install --save-dev jest
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3 簡單試用

首先來編寫第一個求和函數 sum.jsnpm

function sum(a, b){
    return a + b;
}
module.exports = sum;
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接下來建立測試用例:json

const sum = require('./sum');

test('adds 1 + 2 to equal 3', () => {
    expect(sum(1, 2)).toBe(3);
})
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在 package.json 中配置測試啓動腳本:數組

{
    "scripts": {
        "test": "jest"
    }
}
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最後,運行 yarn test 或 npm run test ,Jest 將打印下面這個消息:bash

PASS ./sum.test.js
✓ adds 1 + 2 to equal 3 (5ms)
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4 匹配器

 普通匹配器

最簡單的測試方法是比較是否精確匹配框架

test(`two plus tow is four`, () => {
    expect(2 + 2).toBe(4);
})
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Truthiness

在測試中,有時須要精準區分 undefined 、null 和 false,有時  又不須要區分,jest 都知足。異步

  • toBeNull 只匹配 null
  • toBeUndefined 只匹配 undefined
  • toBeDefined 與 toBeUndefined 相反
  • toBeTruthy 匹配任何 if 語句爲真
  • toBeFalsy 匹配任何 if 語句爲假
test('null', () => {
  const n = null;
  expect(n).toBeNull();
  expect(n).toBeDefined();
  expect(n).not.toBeUndefined();
  expect(n).not.toBeTruthy();
  expect(n).toBeFalsy();
});

test('zero', () => {
  const z = 0;
  expect(z).not.toBeNull();
  expect(z).toBeDefined();
  expect(z).not.toBeUndefined();
  expect(z).not.toBeTruthy();
  expect(z).toBeFalsy();
});
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數字

大多數的比較數字有等價的匹配器。async

test('two plus two', () => {
  const value = 2 + 2;
  expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(3);
  expect(value).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3.5);
  expect(value).toBeLessThan(5);
  expect(value).toBeLessThanOrEqual(4.5);

  // toBe and toEqual are equivalent for numbers
  expect(value).toBe(4);
  expect(value).toEqual(4);
});
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對於比較浮點數相等,使用 toBeCloseTo 而不是 toEqual,由於你不但願測試取決於一個小小的舍入偏差。

test('兩個浮點數字相加', () => {
  const value = 0.1 + 0.2;
  //expect(value).toBe(0.3);           這句會報錯,由於浮點數有舍入偏差
  expect(value).toBeCloseTo(0.3); // 這句能夠運行
});
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字符串

toMatch 正則表達式的字符串︰

test('there is no I in team', () => {
  expect('team').not.toMatch(/I/);
});

test('but there is a "stop" in Christoph', () => {
  expect('Christoph').toMatch(/stop/);
});
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Arrays and iterables

你能夠經過 toContain 來檢查一個數組或可迭代對象是否包含某個特定項:

const shoppingList = [
  'diapers',
  'kleenex',
  'trash bags',
  'paper towels',
  'beer',
];

test('the shopping list has beer on it', () => {
  expect(shoppingList).toContain('beer');
  expect(new Set(shoppingList)).toContain('beer');
});
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例外

測試的特定函數拋出一個錯誤,在它調用時,使用 toThrow。

function compileAndroidCode() {
  throw new ConfigError('you are using the wrong JDK');
}

test('compiling android goes as expected', () => {
  expect(compileAndroidCode).toThrow();
  expect(compileAndroidCode).toThrow(ConfigError);

  // You can also use the exact error message or a regexp
  expect(compileAndroidCode).toThrow('you are using the wrong JDK');
  expect(compileAndroidCode).toThrow(/JDK/);
});
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5 測試異步代碼

回調

test('the data is peanut butter', done => {
  function callback(data) {
    expect(data).toBe('peanut butter');
    done();
  }

  fetchData(callback);
});
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Promises

test('the data is peanut butter', () => {
  return fetchData().then(data => {
    expect(data).toBe('peanut butter');
  });
});
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.resloves/.rejects

test('the data is peanut butter', () => {
  return expect(fetchData()).resolves.toBe('peanut butter');
});
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test('the fetch fails with an error', () => {
  return expect(fetchData()).rejects.toMatch('error');
});
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Async/Await

test('the data is peanut butter', async () => {
  const data = await fetchData();
  expect(data).toBe('peanut butter');
});

test('the fetch fails with an error', async () => {
  expect.assertions(1);
  try {
    await fetchData();
  } catch (e) {
    expect(e).toMatch('error');
  }
});
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6 掛載與卸載(Setup and Teardown)

 用於在寫測試的時候  須要運行測試前作的一些  準備工做,和在運行測試後進行的一些整理工做。

爲屢次測試重複設置

beforeEach(() => {
  initializeCityDatabase();
});

afterEach(() => {
  clearCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});
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一次性設置

beforeAll(() => {
  return initializeCityDatabase();
});

afterAll(() => {
  return clearCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});
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 做用域

默認狀況下,before 和 after 的塊能夠應用到文件中的每一個測試。 此外能夠經過 describe 塊來將測試分組。 當 before 和 after 的塊在 describe 塊內部時,則其只適用於該 describe 塊內的測試。

// Applies to all tests in this file
beforeEach(() => {
  return initializeCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});

describe('matching cities to foods', () => {
  // Applies only to tests in this describe block
  beforeEach(() => {
    return initializeFoodDatabase();
  });

  test('Vienna <3 sausage', () => {
    expect(isValidCityFoodPair('Vienna', 'Wiener Schnitzel')).toBe(true);
  });

  test('San Juan <3 plantains', () => {
    expect(isValidCityFoodPair('San Juan', 'Mofongo')).toBe(true);
  });
});

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6 函數測試(mockFunction)

使用 mock 函數

function forEach(items, callback) {
  for (let index = 0; index < items.length; index++) {
    callback(items[index]);
  }
}

const mockCallback = jest.fn(x => 42 + x);
forEach([0, 1], mockCallback);

// The mock function is called twice
expect(mockCallback.mock.calls.length).toBe(2);

// The first argument of the first call to the function was 0
expect(mockCallback.mock.calls[0][0]).toBe(0);

// The first argument of the second call to the function was 1
expect(mockCallback.mock.calls[1][0]).toBe(1);

// The return value of the first call to the function was 42
expect(mockCallback.mock.results[0].value).toBe(42);
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mock 的返回值

const myMock = jest.fn();
console.log(myMock());
// > undefined

myMock
  .mockReturnValueOnce(10)
  .mockReturnValueOnce('x')
  .mockReturnValue(true);

console.log(myMock(), myMock(), myMock(), myMock());
// > 10, 'x', true, true
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7 快照(snapshot)

使用快照功能給組件作快照,方便後面調整後與快照對比

使用 React 的 test renderer 和 Jest 的快照特性來和組件交互,得到渲染結果和生成快照文件:

import React from 'react';
import Link from '../Link.react';
import renderer from 'react-test-renderer';

test('Link changes the class when hovered', () => {
  const component = renderer.create(
    <Link page="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</Link>,
  );
  let tree = component.toJSON();
  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();

  // manually trigger the callback
  tree.props.onMouseEnter();
  // re-rendering
  tree = component.toJSON();
  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();

  // manually trigger the callback
  tree.props.onMouseLeave();
  // re-rendering
  tree = component.toJSON();
  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();
});
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