什麼是堆棧和堆？ - What and where are the stack and heap?

問題：

Programming language books explain that value types are created on the stack , and reference types are created on the heap , without explaining what these two things are. 編程語言書籍解釋了值類型是在堆棧上建立的，而引用類型是在堆上建立的，而沒有說明這兩個是什麼。 I haven't read a clear explanation of this. 我尚未閱讀清楚的解釋。 I understand what a stack is. 我瞭解堆棧是什麼。 But, 但，

• Where and what are they (physically in a real computer's memory)? 它們在哪裏和在哪裏（物理上在真實計算機的內存中）？
• To what extent are they controlled by the OS or language run-time? 它們在多大程度上受操做系統或語言運行時的控制？
• What is their scope? 他們的範圍是什麼？
• What determines the size of each of them? 什麼決定了它們的大小？
• What makes one faster? 是什麼使速度更快？

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解決方案：

參考一： https://stackoom.com/question/Kn5/什麼是堆棧和堆
參考二： https://oldbug.net/q/Kn5/What-and-where-are-the-stack-and-heap