filebeat+elk日誌收集平臺搭建流程javascript
一、 總體簡介:php
模式:單機css
平臺:Linux - centos - 7html
ELK:elasticsearch、logstash、kibana三款開源軟件的集合。java
FILEBEAT:代替logstash的採集功能,輕量、耗用小。node
目前收集的有nginx日誌、java日誌[單行|多行]。linux
都是經過在客戶端的生成日誌配置文件中定義好初步json格式,而後利用filebeat採集到logstash,存儲到elasticsearch,最後經過kibana在瀏覽器頁面中展現出來。nginx
elasticsearch、logstash、kibana 若是是root安裝,默認會建立(elasticsearch、logstash、kibana)三個單獨用戶來獨立運行。用www用戶安裝好後默認是以www用戶運行。本文演示用的是www。git
二、 軟件環境安裝:github
(1)、java環境:
Elasticsearch須要安裝Java 8的環境。
若是沒有下載jdk1.8的軟件包,能夠直接安裝 java-1.8.0-openjdk。
(2)、下載elasticsearch(Linux版本)的二進制包並解壓:
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz
$ unzip elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz
$ mv elasticsearch-6.4.0 elasticsearch
$ vim elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
path.data: /data/soft/elasticsearch/data/ path.logs: /data/soft/elasticsearch/logs/ |
$ sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144
$ vim /etc/sysctl.conf文件,添加:
vm.max_map_count=262144 |
$ sysctl -p
$ vim /etc/security/limits.conf文件,末尾添加:
* soft nproc 20536 * hard nproc 20536 * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 |
退出從新登陸生效。
將elasticsearch、logstash、kibana、filebeat的bin目錄加入到環境變量PATH:
/data/soft/logstash/bin:/data/soft/kibana/bin:/data
/soft/elasticsearch/bin:/data/soft/filebeat
$ nohup elasticsearch -d >/data/soft/elasticsearch/nohup.out 2>&1 &
啓動後,Elastic默認在9200端口運行。
$ curl -X GET localhost:9200或curl localhost:9200
{ "name" : "zny0iRv", "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch", "cluster_uuid" : "AErImFrFQOaoFPzNSdVmfA", "version" : { "number" : "6.4.0", "build_flavor" : "default", "build_type" : "tar", "build_hash" : "595516e", "build_date" : "2018-08-17T23:18:47.308994Z", "build_snapshot" : false, "lucene_version" : "7.4.0", "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0", "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0" }, "tagline" : "You Know, for Search" } |
(3)、下載logstash(Linux版本)的二進制包並解壓:
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.4.0.zip
$ unzip logstash-6.4.0.zip logstash-6.4.0
$ mv logstash-6.4.0 logstash
$ cd logstash/config/
$ cat config/logstash.yml|grep -vE '^$|#'
# pipeline 線程數,可優化爲 ---> pipeline.workers: CPU內核數(或幾倍cpu內核數) pipeline.workers: 32 # 實際output 時的線程數,可優化爲 ---> pipeline.output.workers: 不超過pipeline 線程數 pipeline.output.workers: 32 # 每次發送的事件數 pipeline.batch.size: 8000 # 發送延時 pipeline.batch.delay: 15 # filter設置multiline後,pipline worker會自動將爲1,若是使用filebeat,建議在beat中就使用multiline,若是使用logstash做爲shipper,建議在input 中設置multiline,不要在filter中設置multiline。 |
$ vim logstash.conf
input { |
beats { |
codec => json |
port => 5044 #host => 「0.0.0.0」 |
} |
} |
filter { |
mutate { |
remove_field => ["@version","[beat][name]","[beat][version]","[beat][hostname]","tags"] |
#remove_field => "message" |
} |
if [nx_upstream_host] != "-" { |
mutate { |
convert => {"nx_upstream_response_time"=>"float"} |
convert => {"nx_upstream_response_length"=>"integer"} |
convert => {"nx_upstream_connect_time"=>"float"} |
} |
} else { |
mutate { |
remove_field => ["nx_upstream_host","nx_upstream_response_time","nx_upstream_response_length","nx_upstream_status","nx_upstream_connect_time"] |
} |
} |
} |
output { |
# 8bet-test-srv-4:nginx |
if [project] == "8bet-admin" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "8bet-nginx-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "8bet-h5" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "8bet-nginx-h5-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "8bet-newadmin" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "8bet-nginx-newadmin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "8bet-newh5" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "8bet-nginx-newh5-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "8bet-nginx-error" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "8bet-nginx-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
# 8bet-test-srv-5:nginx |
} else if [project] == "pay-nginx-admin" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "pay-nginx-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "pay-nginx-user" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "pay-nginx-user-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "pay-nginx-api" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "pay-nginx-api-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [project] == "pay-nginx-error" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
index => "pay-nginx-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
# 8bet-test-srv-4:java |
} else if [source] == "/log/billing/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-billing-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/billing/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-billing-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/member/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-member-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/member/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-member-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/admin/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-admin-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/admin/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-admin-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/pay/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-pay-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/pay/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-pay-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/discount/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-discount-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/discount/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-discount-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/schedule/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-schedule-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/schedule/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-schedule-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/security/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-security-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/security/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-security-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/caipiao/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-caipiao-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/caipiao/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-caipiao-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpbilling/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpbilling-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpbilling/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpbilling-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpmessage/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpmessage-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpmessage/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpmessage-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpschedule/info.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpschedule-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} else if [source] == "/log/cpschedule/error.log" { |
elasticsearch { |
hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
#manage_template => true |
#template_overwrite => true |
index => "8bet-java-cpschedule-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" |
} |
} |
stdout { |
codec => rubydebug |
} |
} |
#output { |
# stdout { codec => rubydebug } |
# elasticsearch { |
# hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"] |
# index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM}" |
# } |
#} |
檢查logstash配置文件的語法命令:
$ logstash --path.settings /data/soft/logstash/config/ -f /data/soft/logstash/config/logstash.conf -t
$ nohup logstash -f /data/soft/logstash/config/logstash.conf >/data/soft/logstash/out.log 2>&1 &
(4)、下載kibana(Linux版本)的二進制包並解壓:
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ mv kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64 kibana
$ vim kibana/config/kibana.yml
elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200" elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 0 pid.file: /data/soft/kibana/kibana.pid |
$ nohup /data/soft/kibana/bin/kibana >/data/soft/kibana/out.log 2>&1 &
三、 FILEBEAT(收集端)單獨配置:
以一臺filebeat採集端作示例:
(1)、nginx日誌格式配置:
$ vim /data/soft/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www; |
worker_processes 4; |
worker_rlimit_nofile 20000; |
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000; |
error_log /log/nginx/error.log error; |
pid /log/nginx/nginx.pid; |
events { |
use epoll; |
worker_connections 20000; |
} |
http { |
include mime.types; |
default_type application/octet-stream; |
sendfile on; |
tcp_nodelay on; |
tcp_nopush on; |
client_body_timeout 10; |
client_header_timeout 10; |
send_timeout 10; |
keepalive_timeout 50; |
client_body_buffer_size 4k; |
client_header_buffer_size 1k; |
client_max_body_size 10m; |
large_client_header_buffers 2 1k; |
open_file_cache max=65535 inactive=20s; |
open_file_cache_valid 30s; |
open_file_cache_min_uses 1; |
gzip on; |
gzip_min_length 1k; |
gzip_buffers 8 16k; |
gzip_comp_level 3; |
gzip_http_version 1.1; |
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]."; |
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png; |
gzip_vary on; # nginx須要配置的日誌輸出格式爲json格式:代替logstash的grok過濾。 |
log_format main '{"nx_localtime@timestamp":"$time_local",' |
'"nx_host":"$server_addr",' |
'"nx_client_ip":"$remote_addr",' |
'"nx_body_size":$body_bytes_sent,' |
'"nx_request_time":$request_time,' |
'"nx_scheme":"$scheme",' |
'"nx_http_host":"$host",' |
'"nx_request_method":"$request_method",' |
'"nx_uri":"$uri",' |
'"nx_status":"$status",' |
'"nx_referer":"$http_referer",' |
'"nx_agent":"$http_user_agent",' |
'"nx_upstream_host":"$upstream_addr",' |
'"nx_upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time",' |
'"nx_upstream_response_length":"$upstream_response_length",' |
'"nx_upstream_status":"$upstream_status",' |
'"nx_upstream_connect_time":"$upstream_connect_time"}'; |
include vhost/*.conf; |
} |
訪問nginx,查看此時nginx-log中的輸出:
{"nx_localtime@timestamp":"27/Sep/2018:21:37:17 +0800","nx_host":"156.237.192.218","nx_client_ip":"113.61.62.154","nx_body_size":665,"nx_request_time":0.000,"nx_scheme":"http","nx_http_host":"log.2481888.com","nx_request_method":"GET","nx_uri":"/nginx/","nx_status":"200","nx_referer":"http://log.2481888.com/","nx_agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36","nx_upstream_host":"","nx_upstream_response_time":"","nx_upstream_response_length":"","nx_upstream_status":"","nx_upstream_connect_time":""} |
(2)、java日誌格式配置:
利用spring cloud config配置中心的集中化管理java日誌輸出,修改統一的配置文件:
$ vim /data/www/java/log4j2.xml
<configuration status="INFO"> |
<!-- 參數配置 --> |
<properties> |
<property name="app_name">${sys:project.name}</property> |
<property name="log_path">/log/${app_name}</property> |
<!-- 文件輸出格式配成json格式,方便filebeat收集,省略logsta過濾 --> |
<property name="PATTERN">{"jv_time":"%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}","jv_level":"%level","jv_thread":"%thread","jv_class":"%logger","jv_method":"%M","jv_message":"%replace{%replace{%msg}{"}{\\"}}{\n}{|}","jv_throwable":"%replace{%replace{%xEx}{"}{\\"}}{[\n\r\t]}{|}"}%n{%xEx}{none}</property> |
</properties> |
|
<appenders> ... ... |
重啓java項目後,此時日誌中的輸出就變成json格式了。
{"jv_time": "2018 09 29 20:16:32.672","jv_level": "INFO","jv_thread": "MQClientFactoryScheduledThread", "jv_class": "RocketmqClient", "jv_method": "sendHeartbeatToAllBroker","jv_message": "send heart beat to broker[broker-a 0 8bet-test-srv-2:10911] success","jv_throwable": ""} |
(3)、filebeat的安裝與配置:
$wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ mv filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64 filebeat
$ vim filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.inputs: |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/nginx/8bet.admin.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-admin |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: nginx |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/nginx/8bet.h5.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-h5 |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: nginx |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/nginx/8bet.newadmin.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-newadmin |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: nginx |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/nginx/8bet.newh5.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-newh5 |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: nginx |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/nginx/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-nginx-error |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: nginx |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/billing/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-billing |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/billing/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-billing |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true #error日誌多行可配置項 # multiline.pattern: '^\{' # multiline.negate: true # multiline.match: after |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/member/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-member |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/member/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-member |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/admin/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-admin |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/admin/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-admin |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/pay/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-pay |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/pay/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-pay |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/discount/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-discount |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/discount/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-discount |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/schedule/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-schedule |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/schedule/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-schedule |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/security/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-security |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/security/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-security |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/caipiao/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-caipiao |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/caipiao/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-caipiao |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpbilling/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpbilling |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpbilling/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpbilling |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpmessage/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpmessage |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpmessage/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpmessage |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpschedule/info.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpschedule |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
- type: log |
paths: |
- /log/cpschedule/error.log |
fields: |
project: 8bet-java-cpschedule |
server_ip: 192.168.41.4 |
server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4 |
soft: java |
fields_under_root: true |
filebeat.config.modules: |
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml |
reload.enabled: false |
setup.template.settings: |
index.number_of_shards: 3 |
setup.kibana: |
output.logstash: |
hosts: ["8bet-test-srv-6:5044"] |
啓動:
$ /data/soft/filebeat/filebeat -c /data/soft/filebeat/filebeat.yml &
PS:最後將elk和filebeat的相關命令寫入到啓動腳本簡化操做。
四、 REST API方式操做:
經常使用的幾種操做示例:
$ curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_cat/health?v&pretty=true'
$ curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops'
$curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops/doc/1?pretty&pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d ‘{ "title": "Laptop X1 i7 8gb RAM " }’
$curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops/doc/2?pretty&pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d ‘{ "title": "Laptop X2 i5 4gb RAM " }’
$ curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/laptops/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
$ curl -XDELETE 'localhost:9200/laptops/?pretty=true'
五、 附錄圖片
filebeat發送字段:
六、 如下部分爲摘錄網上文檔部分【提供參考】:
默認狀況下,Elastic 只容許本機訪問,若是須要遠程訪問,能夠修改 Elastic 安裝目錄的config/elasticsearch.yml文件,去掉network.host的註釋,將它的值改爲0.0.0.0,而後從新啓動 Elastic。
.:0.0.0.0networkhost
上面代碼中,設成0.0.0.0讓任何人均可以訪問。線上服務不要這樣設置,要設成具體的 IP。
2、基本概念
2.1 Node 與 Cluster
Elastic 本質上是一個分佈式數據庫,容許多臺服務器協同工做,每臺服務器能夠運行多個 Elastic 實例。
單個 Elastic 實例稱爲一個節點(node)。一組節點構成一個集羣(cluster)。
2.2 Index
Elastic 會索引全部字段,通過處理後寫入一個反向索引(Inverted Index)。查找數據的時候,直接查找該索引。
因此,Elastic 數據管理的頂層單位就叫作 Index(索引)。它是單個數據庫的同義詞。每一個 Index (即數據庫)的名字必須是小寫。
下面的命令能夠查看當前節點的全部 Index。
-'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'$ curlX GET
2.3 Document
Index 裏面單條的記錄稱爲 Document(文檔)。許多條 Document 構成了一個 Index。
Document 使用 JSON 格式表示,下面是一個例子。
{
"user":"張三",
"title":"工程師",
"desc":"數據庫管理"
}
同一個 Index 裏面的 Document,不要求有相同的結構(scheme),可是最好保持相同,這樣有利於提升搜索效率。
2.4 Type
Document 能夠分組,好比weather這個 Index 裏面,能夠按城市分組(北京和上海),也能夠按氣候分組(晴天和雨天)。這種分組就叫作 Type,它是虛擬的邏輯分組,用來過濾 Document。
不一樣的 Type 應該有類似的結構(schema),舉例來講,id字段不能在這個組是字符串,在另外一個組是數值。這是與關係型數據庫的表的一個區別。性質徹底不一樣的數據(好比products和logs)應該存成兩個 Index,而不是一個 Index 裏面的兩個 Type(雖然能夠作到)。
下面的命令能夠列出每一個 Index 所包含的 Type。
'localhost:9200/_mapping?pretty=true'$ curl
根據規劃,Elastic 6.x 版只容許每一個 Index 包含一個 Type,7.x 版將會完全移除 Type。
3、新建和刪除 Index
新建 Index,能夠直接向 Elastic 服務器發出 PUT 請求。下面的例子是新建一個名叫weather的 Index。
-'localhost:9200/weather'$ curlX PUT
服務器返回一個 JSON 對象,裏面的acknowledged字段表示操做成功。
{
"acknowledged":true,
"shards_acknowledged":true
}
而後,咱們發出 DELETE 請求,刪除這個 Index。
-'localhost:9200/weather'$ curlX DELETE
4、中文分詞設置
首先,安裝中文分詞插件。這裏使用的是 ik,也能夠考慮其餘插件(好比 smartcn)。
.//-://.//--///.5.1/---5.5.1.$binelasticsearchplugin install httpsgithubcommedclelasticsearchanalysisikreleasesdownloadv5elasticsearchanalysisikzip
上面代碼安裝的是5.5.1版的插件,與 Elastic 5.5.1 配合使用。
接着,從新啓動 Elastic,就會自動加載這個新安裝的插件。
而後,新建一個 Index,指定須要分詞的字段。這一步根據數據結構而異,下面的命令只針對本文。基本上,凡是須要搜索的中文字段,都要單獨設置一下。
-'localhost:9200/accounts'-'$ curlX PUTd
{
"mappings": {
"person": {
"properties": {
"user": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
},
"title": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
},
"desc": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}
}'
上面代碼中,首先新建一個名稱爲accounts的 Index,裏面有一個名稱爲person的 Type。person有三個字段。
這三個字段都是中文,並且類型都是文本(text),因此須要指定中文分詞器,不能使用默認的英文分詞器。
Elastic 的分詞器稱爲 analyzer。咱們對每一個字段指定分詞器。
"user":{
"type":"text",
"analyzer":"ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer":"ik_max_word"
}
上面代碼中,analyzer是字段文本的分詞器,search_analyzer是搜索詞的分詞器。ik_max_word分詞器是插件ik提供的,能夠對文本進行最大數量的分詞。
5、數據操做
5.1 新增記錄
向指定的 /Index/Type 發送 PUT 請求,就能夠在 Index 裏面新增一條記錄。好比,向/accounts/person發送請求,就能夠新增一條人員記錄。
-'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1'-'$ curlX PUTd
{
"user": "張三",
"title": "工程師",
"desc": "數據庫管理"
}'
服務器返回的 JSON 對象,會給出 Index、Type、Id、Version 等信息。
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"1",
"_version":1,
"result":"created",
"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
"created":true
}
若是你仔細看,會發現請求路徑是/accounts/person/1,最後的1是該條記錄的 Id。它不必定是數字,任意字符串(好比abc)均可以。
新增記錄的時候,也能夠不指定 Id,這時要改爲 POST 請求。
-'localhost:9200/accounts/person'-'$ curlX POSTd
{
"user": "李四",
"title": "工程師",
"desc": "系統管理"
}'
上面代碼中,向/accounts/person發出一個 POST 請求,添加一個記錄。這時,服務器返回的 JSON 對象裏面,_id字段就是一個隨機字符串。
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"AV3qGfrC6jMbsbXb6k1p",
"_version":1,
"result":"created",
"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
"created":true
}
注意,若是沒有先建立 Index(這個例子是accounts),直接執行上面的命令,Elastic 也不會報錯,而是直接生成指定的 Index。因此,打字的時候要當心,不要寫錯 Index 的名稱。
5.2 查看記錄
向/Index/Type/Id發出 GET 請求,就能夠查看這條記錄。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1?pretty=true'$ curl
上面代碼請求查看/accounts/person/1這條記錄,URL 的參數pretty=true表示以易讀的格式返回。
返回的數據中,found字段表示查詢成功,_source字段返回原始記錄。
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"1",
"_version":1,
"found":true,
"_source":{
"user":"張三",
"title":"工程師",
"desc":"數據庫管理"
}
}
若是 Id 不正確,就查不到數據,found字段就是false。
'localhost:9200/weather/beijing/abc?pretty=true'$ curl
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"abc",
"found":false
}
5.3 刪除記錄
刪除記錄就是發出 DELETE 請求。
-'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1'$ curlX DELETE
這裏先不要刪除這條記錄,後面還要用到。
5.4 更新記錄
更新記錄就是使用 PUT 請求,從新發送一次數據。
-'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1'-'$ curlX PUTd
{
"user" : "張三",
"title" : "工程師",
"desc" : "數據庫管理,軟件開發"
}'
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"1",
"_version":2,
"result":"updated",
"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
"created":false
}
上面代碼中,咱們將原始數據從"數據庫管理"改爲"數據庫管理,軟件開發"。 返回結果裏面,有幾個字段發生了變化。
"_version":2,
"result":"updated",
"created":false
能夠看到,記錄的 Id 沒變,可是版本(version)從1變成2,操做類型(result)從created變成updated,created字段變成false,由於此次不是新建記錄。
6、數據查詢
6.1 返回全部記錄
使用 GET 方法,直接請求/Index/Type/_search,就會返回全部記錄。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'$ curl
{
"took":2,
"timed_out":false,
"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},
"hits":{
"total":2,
"max_score":1.0,
"hits":[
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"AV3qGfrC6jMbsbXb6k1p",
"_score":1.0,
"_source":{
"user":"李四",
"title":"工程師",
"desc":"系統管理"
}
},
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"1",
"_score":1.0,
"_source":{
"user":"張三",
"title":"工程師",
"desc":"數據庫管理,軟件開發"
}
}
]
}
}
上面代碼中,返回結果的 took字段表示該操做的耗時(單位爲毫秒),timed_out字段表示是否超時,hits字段表示命中的記錄,裏面子字段的含義以下。
total
:返回記錄數,本例是2條。max_score
:最高的匹配程度,本例是1.0
。hits
:返回的記錄組成的數組。返回的記錄中,每條記錄都有一個_score字段,表示匹配的程序,默認是按照這個字段降序排列。
6.2 全文搜索
Elastic 的查詢很是特別,使用本身的查詢語法,要求 GET 請求帶有數據體。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'-'$ curl d
{
"query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "軟件" }}
}'
上面代碼使用 Match查詢,指定的匹配條件是desc字段裏面包含"軟件"這個詞。返回結果以下。
{
"took":3,
"timed_out":false,
"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},
"hits":{
"total":1,
"max_score":0.28582606,
"hits":[
{
"_index":"accounts",
"_type":"person",
"_id":"1",
"_score":0.28582606,
"_source":{
"user":"張三",
"title":"工程師",
"desc":"數據庫管理,軟件開發"
}
}
]
}
}
Elastic 默認一次返回10條結果,能夠經過size字段改變這個設置。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'-'$ curl d
{
"query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "管理" }},
"size": 1
}'
上面代碼指定,每次只返回一條結果。
還能夠經過from字段,指定位移。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'-'$ curl d
{
"query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "管理" }},
"from": 1,
"size": 1
}'
上面代碼指定,從位置1開始(默認是從位置0開始),只返回一條結果。
6.3 邏輯運算
若是有多個搜索關鍵字, Elastic 認爲它們是or關係。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'-'$ curl d
{
"query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "軟件 系統" }}
}'
上面代碼搜索的是軟件 or 系統。
若是要執行多個關鍵詞的and搜索,必須使用布爾查詢。
'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'-'$ curl d
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "desc": "軟件" } },
{ "match": { "desc": "系統" } }
]
}
}
}'