ELK:日誌收集分析平臺

簡介

ELK是一個日誌收集分析的平臺,它能收集海量的日誌,並將其根據字段切割。一來方便供開發查看日誌,定位問題;二來能夠根據日誌進行統計分析,經過其強大的呈現能力,挖掘數據的潛在價值,分析重要指標的趨勢和分佈等,可以規避災難和指導決策等。ELK是Elasticsearch公司出品的一組套件,官方站點:https://www.elastic.co,本文中ELK須要用的組件有Elasticsearch、Logstash、Kibana、Filebeat(Beats組合中的一個),主要介紹該集羣的建設部署以及一些注意事項,但願對須要的小夥伴有所幫助,對於文中錯誤,歡迎批評指正。html

環境說明

下面是本文的邏輯架構圖,其中filebeat爲採集日誌的客戶端,其安裝在產生日誌的機器上,收集的日誌插入到redis消息隊列中,logstash從redis取出數據並作相應的處理,其中包括字段拆分定義,並將數據輸出到ES集羣中,ES集羣將數據處理、分片、索引等,最終kibana做爲頁面展現,將從ES集羣取出數據作分析、統計、處理、展現,固然,其中有用到x-pack插件作數據分析、統計和展示(就是一些漂亮的實時圖表)。java

  • 本文采用軟件版本均爲6.3.

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Filebeat 部署

yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
yum install filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm -ynode

web上採集配置文件

cat > /etc/filebeat/filebeat.conf <<"EOF"
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/crmwww-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/manager2018crm-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/hybrid-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/cfdwww-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/manager2018cfd-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/market2018cfd-dev-access.log
    - /var/log/nginx/api2018cfd-dev-access.log
  fields:
    project: cfds
    env: dev
    role: web
    logtype: access
    ip: 192.168.0.152
  fields_under_root: true
#採集信息追加字段,便於分組,fields_under_root指定字段的訪問模式爲直接訪問,沒必要使用fields.project

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/manager2018crm-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/manager2018cfd-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/market2018cfd-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/cfdwww-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/hybrid-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/crmwww-dev-error.log
    - /var/log/nginx/api2018cfd-dev-error.log
  fields:
    project: cfds
    env: dev
    role: web
    logtype: error
    ip: 192.168.0.152
  fields_under_root: true

#將日誌輸出到redis
output.redis:
  hosts: ["redis.glinux.top"]
  key: "cfds"
  db: 0
  password: "123456"
  timeout: 15

#可經過如下配置測試輸出結果,輸入內容在/tmp/filebeat/filebeat
#output.file:
##  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
##  filename: filebeat

EOF

app上採集配置文件

cat > /etc/filebeat/filebeat.conf <<"EOF"
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /data/logs/crm/error/crm.log
  fields:
    project: cfds
    env: dev
    role: crm
    logtype: error
    ip: 192.168.0.155
  fields_under_root: true
 #處理多行數據,若是不以時間開頭的行歸爲上一行的數據,接到上一行數據後面
  multiline.pattern: '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'
  multiline.negate: true
  multiline.match: after
  multiline.timeout: 10s

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /data/logs/crm/info/crm.log
  fields:
    project: cfds
    env: dev
    role: crm
    logtype: info
    ip: 192.168.0.155
  fields_under_root: true
  multiline.pattern: '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'
  multiline.negate: true
  multiline.match: after
  multiline.timeout: 10s

output.redis:
  hosts: ["redis.glinux.top"]
  key: "cfds"
  db: 0
  password: "123456"
  timeout: 15

#可經過如下配置測試輸出結果,輸入內容在/tmp/filebeat/filebeat
#output.file:
##  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
##  filename: filebeat

EOF

filebeat test config /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml #測試配置文件
systemctl enable filebeat
systemctl restart filebeatlinux

Redis 部署

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install redisnginx

配置文件

僅須要添加密碼認證便可git

cat >> /etc/redis.conf << "EOF"
requirepass "123456"

systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redisgithub

Logstash 部署

yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.3.1.rpm
yum install logstash-6.3.1.rpm -y
rpm -ql logstash #查看安裝路徑web

cat > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh <<"EOF"
export PATH=/usr/share/logstash/bin/:$PATH
EOF

. /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh #讀取環境變量
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdkredis

配置文件

cat > /etc/logstash/logstashserver.conf <<"EOF"
input {
  redis {
    host => ["127.0.0.1"]
    key => "ftms"
    port => 6379
    password => "123456"
    data_type => ["list"]
  }
  redis {
    host => ["127.0.0.1"]
    key => "cfds"
    port => 6379
    password => "123456"
    data_type => ["list"]
  }
}
filter {
  if [role] == "web" and [logtype] == "access" {
    grok {
      patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
      match => ["message" , "%{NGINXACCESS}"]
    }
  }
  if [role] == "web" and [logtype] == "error" {
    grok {
      patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
      match => ["message" , "%{NGINXERROR}"]
    }
  }
  else {
    grok {
      patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
      match => ["message" , "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:logdatetime} %{LOGLEVEL:level} \[%{DATA:thread}\] %{JAVACLASS:class} \[%{JAVAFILE:file}(?::%{NUMBER:line})?\] - %{GREEDYDATA:message}"]
    }
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["http://192.168.30.36:9200","http://192.168.30.37:9200","192.168.30.38:9200"]
    index => "%{project}-%{env}-%{role}-%{logtype}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
EOF

logstash -f /etc/logstash/logstashserver.conf -t #測試配置文件是否有誤
systemctl enable logstash
systemctl restart logstashvim

Elasticsearch 集羣部署

yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.3.1.rpm
yum install elasticsearch-6.3.1.rpm -y
rpm -ql elasticsearch

cat > /etc/profile.d/elasticsearch.sh <<"EOF"
export PATH=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/:$PATH  
EOF

. /etc/profile.d/elasticsearch.sh

配置文件

node1

cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-36-2
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2

node2

cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-37-1
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2

node3

cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-38-3
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2

systemctl enable elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearch
systemctl status elasticsearch

查看集羣狀態

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v'
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Kibana 部署

yum -y install epel-release
mkdir -pv /data/soft cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
yum install kibana-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm -y

cat > /etc/kibana/kibana.yml <<"EOF"
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.url: "http://escluster.glinux.top:9200"
EOF

systemctl enable kibana.service
systemctl start kibana.service

端口轉發,普通程序不能監聽在1024如下的端口,解決方法

cat > /etc/sysctl.conf <<"EOF" 
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 #從新加載

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 5601

注意事項

grok模式匹配日誌

logstash模式匹配拆分日誌可謂關鍵的一環其中有些注意要點

  1. logstash 模式匹配的pattern放在/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns目錄下

img-w500

  1. 測試模式匹配樣例,最終匹配到的字段會在kibana中顯示,做爲可供篩選的關鍵字

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kibana索引添加

索引的制定能加快查詢速度和項目分類,索引分爲es的索引和kibana的索引。

  1. 針對es的索引,個人處理方式是在filebeat收集日誌的時候給每條日誌添加fileds字段,以下:
  • project: cfds
  • env: dev
  • logtype: access
  • ip: 192.168.0.152

logstash 在拿到日誌後將%{project}-%{env}-%{role}-%{logtype}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}做爲索引將日誌分類送給es集羣。
2. kibana的索引,就是將es的索引作綜合歸類。

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x-pack圖表配置

x-pack能夠試用,網絡上有破解方式,其可根據字段作數據統計呈現,呈現方式衆多,實時更新,可作數據挖掘,數據報告。下面貼上我作的一個示例。

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參考文檔

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