第十三週學習總結java
1、 知識總結編程
2、實驗——圖形界面事件處理技術安全
1、實驗目的與要求網絡
(1) 掌握事件處理的基本原理,理解其用途;dom
(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工做機制;ide
(3) 掌握事件處理的基本編程模型;學習
(4) 瞭解GUI界面組件觀感設置方法;測試
(5) 掌握WindowAdapter類、AbstractAction類的用法;this
(6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠標事件處理技術。spa
2、實驗內容和步驟
實驗1: 導入第11章示例程序,測試程序並進行代碼註釋。
測試程序1:
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材443頁-444頁程序11-1,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 在事件處理相關代碼處添加註釋;
l 用lambda表達式簡化程序;
l 掌握JButton組件的基本API;
l 掌握Java中事件處理的基本編程模型。
代碼及註釋:
package button; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();//建立對象 frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//編寫圖形界面的題目 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//關閉用戶圖形界面操做 frame.setVisible(true);//讓圖形界面可見 }); } } package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//定義用戶界面的寬度 private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定義用戶界面的高度 public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); // 經過在按鈕構造器中指定一個標籤字符串、一個圖標 或兩項都指定來建立一個按鈕,下面的三個按鈕都是如此 JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow"); JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue"); JButton redButton = new JButton("Red"); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); // add buttons to panel buttonPanel.add(yellowButton); buttonPanel.add(blueButton); buttonPanel.add(redButton); // add panel to frame add(buttonPanel); // 爲每一個顏色構造一個對象 ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW); ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE); ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED); // 調用add方法將按鈕添加到面板上 yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction); blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction); redButton.addActionListener(redAction); } /** * An action listener that sets the panel's background color. */ private class ColorAction implements ActionListener//顏色儲存在監聽器類中 { private Color backgroundColor; public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)// { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } } }
測試結果:
測試程序2:
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材449頁程序11-2,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 在組件觀感設置代碼處添加註釋;
l 瞭解GUI程序中觀感的設置方法。
代碼及註釋:
package plaf; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; import javax.swing.UIManager; /** * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel */ public class PlafFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; public PlafFrame() { buttonPanel = new JPanel(); UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();//列舉安裝的全部觀感實現 for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)//獲得每一種觀感的名字和類名 makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName()); add(buttonPanel); pack(); } /** * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel. * @param name the button name * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class */ //使用輔助方法makeButton和匿名內部類指定按鈕動做,即切換觀感 private void makeButton(String name, String className) { // add button to panel JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); // set button action button.addActionListener(event -> { // button action: switch to the new look-and-feel try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); pack(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } }
測試結果:
測試程序3:
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材457頁-458頁程序11-3,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 掌握AbstractAction類及其動做對象;
l 掌握GUI程序中按鈕、鍵盤動做映射到動做對象的方法。
代碼及註釋:
package action; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions. */ public class ActionFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//定義寬度 private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定義高度 public ActionFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); //建立類的三個對象 Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"), Color.YELLOW); Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE); Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED); // add buttons for these actions buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction)); buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction)); buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction)); // add panel to frame add(buttonPanel); // associate the Y, B, and R keys with names InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow"); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue"); imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red"); // associate the names with actions ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap(); amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction); amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction); amap.put("panel.red", redAction); } //將顏色儲存在AbstractAction類提供的名\值對錶中 public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction { /** * Constructs a color action. * @param name the name to show on the button * @param icon the icon to display on the button * @param c the background color */ public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c) { putValue(Action.NAME, name); putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon); putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase()); putValue("color", c); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { Color c = (Color) getValue("color"); buttonPanel.setBackground(c); } } }
測試結果:
測試程序4:
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材462頁程序11-四、11-5,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 掌握GUI程序中鼠標事件處理技術。
代碼及註釋:
package mouse; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations */ public class MouseFrame extends JFrame { public MouseFrame() { add(new MouseComponent()); pack(); } }
package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares. */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;//定義寬度 private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定義高度 private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null; addMouseListener(new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // draw all squares for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null) return; if (s == current) current = null; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // 若是光標不在方塊像素上則添加一個方塊 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //雙擊刪除方框 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // 若是光標位於矩形框內,則將光標設置爲十字 // a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } }
測試結果:
實驗2:結對編程練習
利用班級名單文件、文本框和按鈕組件,設計一個有以下界面(圖1)的點名器,要求用戶點擊開始按鈕後在文本輸入框隨機顯示2017級網絡與信息安全班同窗姓名,如圖2所示,點擊中止按鈕後,文本輸入框再也不變換同窗姓名,此同窗則是被點到的同窗姓名。
圖1 點名器啓動界面
圖2 點名器點名界面
結對同窗:達拉草
實驗代碼:
package name; import java.util.*; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import javax.swing.event.*; public class NameFrame extends JFrame implements ActionListener{ private JLabel a; private JLabel b; private JButton c; private static boolean flag = true; public NameFrame(){ this.setLayout(null); this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.GREEN); a = new JLabel(); b = new JLabel("隨機點名器"); c = new JButton("開始"); this.add(a); this.add(b); a.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,22)); a.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); a.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); a.setBounds(10,100,180,60); b.setOpaque(true); b.setBackground(Color.WHITE); b.setFont(new Font("Courier",Font.PLAIN,22)); b.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); b.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); b.setBounds(50,50,300,60); this.add(c); c.setBounds(150,150,80,26); c.addActionListener(this); this.setBounds(400,400,400,300); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ int i=0; String names[]=new String[50]; try { Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("D:\\studentnamelist.txt")); while(in.hasNextLine()) { names[i]=in.nextLine(); i++; } } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } if(c.getText()=="開始"){ b.setBackground(Color.WHITE); flag = true; new Thread(){ public void run(){ while(NameFrame.flag){ Random r = new Random(); int i= r.nextInt(47); b.setText(names[i]); } } }.start(); c.setText("中止"); c.setBackground(Color.YELLOW); b.setBackground(Color.RED); } else if(c.getText()=="中止"){ flag = false; c.setText("開始"); c.setBackground(Color.RED); b.setBackground(Color.WHITE); } } public static void main(String arguments []){ new NameFrame(); } }
運行結果:
開始:
過程:
結果:
3、實驗總結
經過本次實驗我瞭解了事件處理的基本原理和AWT事件模型的工做機制;掌握了事件處理的基本編程模型;而且經過本次實驗發現本身在實際編寫代碼中思惟不夠靈活,但願在從此的學習中能夠獲得這方面的提升。