paramiko是一個用於作遠程控制的模塊,使用該模塊能夠對遠程服務器進行命令或文件操做,值得一說的是,fabric和ansible內部的遠程管理就是使用的paramiko來現實。其實它的底層是對ssh的上層代碼的一個封裝html
1、下載安裝node
#pycrypto,因爲 paramiko 模塊內部依賴pycrypto,因此先下載安裝pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko
2、模塊使用python
(1)基於用戶名密碼鏈接兩種方式:linux
-->第一種ios
import paramiko # 建立SSH對象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 容許鏈接不在know_hosts文件中的主機 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 鏈接服務器 ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', password='123456') # 執行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls') # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() # 關閉鏈接 ssh.close()
-->二種:SSHClient 封裝 Transport git
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22)) transport.connect(username='root', password='123456') ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') print stdout.read() transport.close()
(2)基於公鑰密鑰鏈接的兩種方式:github
-->第一種 shell
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa') # 建立SSH對象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 容許鏈接不在know_hosts文件中的主機 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 鏈接服務器 ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', key=private_key) # 執行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() # 關閉鏈接 ssh.close()
-->第二種:SSHClient 封裝 Transport json
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa') transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22)) transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') transport.close()
(1)基於用戶名密碼上傳下載:windows
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21',22)) transport.connect(username='root',password='123456') sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py') # 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') transport.close()
(2)基於公鑰密鑰上傳下載:
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa') transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22)) transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py') # 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') transport.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root',pwd='123456'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def run(self): self.connect() pass self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 執行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() return result def upload(self,local_path, target_path): # 鏈接,上傳 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(local_path, target_path) ssh = SSHConnection() ssh.connect() r1 = ssh.cmd('df') print(r1.decode()) #ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py") ssh.upload('s13_par.py', "/root/s7.py") ssh.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py) self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,target_path): # 鏈接,上傳 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, target_path) def rename(self, old_path, new_path): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 執行命令 cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,) stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 執行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 獲取命令結果 result = stdout.read() return result ha = SSHConnection() ha.run()
# 對於更多限制命令,須要在系統中設置 /etc/sudoers Defaults requiretty Defaults:cmdb !requiretty Demo
堡壘機執行流程:
注:配置.brashrc實現ssh登錄後自動執行腳本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
實現過程(前戲)
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄爲執行操做
# 用戶在終端輸入內容,並將內容發送至遠程服務器
# 遠程服務器執行命令,並將結果返回
# 用戶終端顯示內容
版本一:能連上遠程服務器在終端任意輸入命令,但沒法作到tab鍵補全命令
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password('root', '123456') # 打開一個通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 獲取一個終端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() while True: # 監視用戶輸入和服務器返回數據 # sys.stdin 處理用戶輸入 # chan 是以前建立的通道,用於接收服務器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) if chan in readable: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp) chan.close() tran.close()
版本二:在版本一上增長了命令補全功能和命令記錄
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass import termios import tty from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password('root', '123456') # 打開一個通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 獲取一個終端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() # 獲取原tty屬性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: # 爲tty設置新屬性 # 默認當前tty設備屬性: # 輸入一行回車,執行 # CTRL+C 進程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊處理。 # 這是爲原始模式,不認識全部特殊符號 # 放置特殊字符應用在當前終端,如此設置,將全部的用戶輸入均發送到遠程服務器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) while True: # 監視 用戶輸入 和 遠程服務器返回數據(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可讀 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n') break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) if len(x) == 0: break chan.send(x) finally: # 從新設置終端屬性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) chan.close() tran.close()
版本三:windows、linux通用版本
import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try: import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else: windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try: tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout(0.0) log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') flag = False temp_list = [] while True: r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try: x = u(chan.recv(1024)) if len(x) == 0: sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n') break if flag: if x.startswith('\r\n'): pass else: temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read(1) import json if len(x) == 0: break if x == '\t': flag = True else: temp_list.append(x) if x == '\r': log.write(''.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally: termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock): while True: data = sock.recv(256) if not data: sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n') sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) writer.start() try: while True: d = sys.stdin.read(1) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username) if len(username) == 0: username = default_username hostname = input('Hostname: ') if len(hostname) == 0: print('*** Hostname required.') sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) if len(auth) == 0: auth = default_auth if auth == 'r': default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) if len(path) == 0: path = default_path try: key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else: pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打開一個通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 獲取一個終端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
更多參見:paramoko源碼 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
Alex堡壘機:http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5286889.html